Intro
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editors
Editors and Contributors
Contributors
I: Principles of Clinical Ethics in Intensive Care Medicine
1: Clinical Ethics and Ethical Principles
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Ethical Theory: An Overview
1.2.1 Utilitarianism
1.2.2 Deontology
1.2.3 Virtue Ethics
1.2.4 Narrative Ethics
1.3 Principlism
1.3.1 Beneficence
1.3.2 Non-maleficence
1.3.3 Distributive Justice
1.3.4 Autonomy
1.3.5 Limitations to Principlism
References

2: The Two Pillars of Intensive Care Medicine (I): Medical Indication
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Definition of Intensive Care and Intensive Care Patient
2.3 Criteria to Admit a Patient
2.4 Scoring Systems Regarding the Severity of Disease
2.5 The Decision: To Admit or Not to Admit
2.6 Exceptional Situations to Admit a Patient
2.7 Derogatory Reasons to Admit or Not to Admit
2.8 Consequences of Admitting a Patient
2.9 Consequences of Not Admitting a Patient
References
3: The Two Pillars of Intensive Care Medicine (II): The Patient's Wishes and Consent
3.1 Introduction

3.2 Respect for Autonomy and Informed Consent
3.2.1 Decision-Making Capacity
3.2.2 Voluntariness
3.3 Paternalism/Parentalism and Shared Decision-Making
References
II: Decision-making
4: Shared Decision-Making (I): Within the Interprofessional Team
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Clinical Case Example
4.3 Interprofessional Shared Decision-Making: Definition and Scope of Application
4.4 Recommendations
4.5 Clinical Case Example: Continued
4.6 Special Circumstances
References
5: Shared Decision-Making (II): With Patients and Families
5.1 Introduction

5.2 The Relevance of Shared Decision-Making
5.3 Shared Decision-Making in Critically Ill Patients at Time of ICU Admission
5.4 Families in the ICU: Shared Decision-Making in a Context of High Emotional Distress
5.5 Impact of Shared Decision-Making on Families' Well-Being
5.6 Team-Centered Challenges
5.7 Strategies to Improve Shared Decision-Making
5.7.1 Frameworks and Recommendations
5.7.2 Family Conferences: The VALUE Approach
5.7.3 Support for the Family
5.7.4 Dealing with Discordance and Conflict
5.7.5 Mediation
References

6: The Significance of Cultural Diversity
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Multiculturalism and Cultural Diversity
6.3 Impact of Culture in Critical Care
6.3.1 Death and Dying
6.3.2 Communication
6.3.3 Staff Well-being
References
III: Goal of Therapy and Extent of Treatment
7: Life-Sustaining Therapies: Indication, Prognostication, and the Patient's Wishes
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Prognostication
7.2.1 Prognostication of Morbidity and Mortality During ICU Treatment
7.2.2 Prognostication of Morbidity and Mortality After Discharge from the ICU
7.3 Goal-Concordant Care