Intro
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Chapter 1: Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Techniques to Reduce Nitrous Oxide Emissions
1 Introduction
2 History of Fertilizer Application
3 Effects of N Fertilizer Use on the Environment
3.1 Emissions Generated by Fertilizer Application
3.1.1 Nitrous Oxide
3.1.2 Nitric Oxide and Nitrous Oxide
4 Climate Change and Its Impact due to Release of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)
5 Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Techniques to Reduce Nitrous Oxide Emissions
5.1 Precision Agriculture (Site-Specific Application)

5.2 Use of Nitrification Inhibitors (NI)
5.3 Use of Urease Inhibitor (UI)
5.4 Slow-Release/Controlled-Release Fertilizer
5.5 Biofertilizer
5.6 Application of Nanotechnology in Delivery of Fertilizer
6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 2: Rice Production Technologies in Reducing Methane Gas Emissions for Sustainable Environment
1 Introduction
2 Greenhouse Gas Emission Mechanisms
2.1 CH4 Emissions and Production
3 Agriculture
3.1 Source
4 Management of CH4 via Irrigation Regime Changes
5 Management of Organic Additives

5.1 Straw/Residue Management
5.2 Biochar Enrichment
5.3 Selection of Rice Varieties
6 Changing Planting Practices
6.1 Rice No-Till Technology
7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Manure Management to Reduce Methane Emissions
1 Introduction
2 Biological Approach
2.1 Alternative Fertilizers to Animal Manure
2.2 Biogas Production
3 Precision Agriculture Approach
4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Crop Residue Incorporation to Enhance Soil Health in the Rice-Wheat System
1 Introduction
2 Crop Residue Impact on Soil Physiochemical Health

2.1 Structure of Soil
2.2 Impact of Crop Residues on Organic Carbon
2.3 Percentage of Different Bioavailable Micro- and Macronutrients
2.4 Crop Residue Effect on Soil pH
3 The Activity of Soil Microbes
4 The Activity of Earthworms
5 Methods for Crop Residue Management
5.1 Animal Feed from Crop Residues
5.2 Biofuels from Crop Residues
5.3 Biochar from Crop Residues
5.4 Incorporation of Crop Residues
5.5 Surface Mulching from Crop Residues
6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Promoting Energy Crops to Replace Fossil Fuel Use
1 Introduction

2 Global Energy Classification
3 Biomass Energy
3.1 Bioenergy Market
4 Agricultural Biofuels
4.1 Sweet Sorghum, a Source of Ethanol Production
4.2 Brassica napus (Rapeseed)
4.3 Jatropha (Jatropha curcas)
4.4 Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis)
4.5 Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
4.6 Soybean (Glycine max)
5 Conversion Technologies
5.1 Combustion and Cofiring
5.2 Gasification
5.3 Biogas Generation
5.4 Bioethanol Production
5.5 Biodiesel Production
5.6 Green Technology Comparison
6 Carbon Offsets
7 Biofuel Cost
8 Outlook