Intro
Contents
1: Principles of Cone Beam Computed Tomography
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Fundamentals of CBCT Imaging
1.3 CBCT Image Acquisition
1.3.1 Operator-Independent Variables
1.3.1.1 Recommendations for Endodontists
1.3.2 Operator-Dependent Variables
1.3.2.1 Scan Protocol
Recommendations for Endodontics
1.3.2.2 Image Visualization Protocol
Recommendations for Endodontists
1.3.2.3 Patient Positioning Protocol
Recommendations for Endodontists
1.4 Image Visualization
1.4.1 Re-Orient the Dataset

1.4.1.1 Recommendations for Endodontists
1.4.2 Correct the Data
1.4.2.1 Recommendations for Endodontics
1.4.3 Reformat the Data
1.4.4 Explore the Data
1.4.4.1 Recommendations for Endodontics
1.5 Image Artifacts
1.5.1 Recommendations for Endodontists
1.6 Radiation Dose Considerations
1.6.1 Radiation-Induced Effects
1.6.2 Radiation Dose and Risk
1.6.2.1 Methods to Minimize Patient Radiation Exposure
References
2: New Software for Endodontic Diagnosis and Treatment: The e-Vol DXS
2.1 Introduction

2.2 Quality in the CBCT Scan Acquisition for Endodontics
2.3 Management of Large DICOM Files
2.4 Adjustment of CBCT Images
2.5 Noise Control
2.6 Image Navigation Dynamics
2.7 White Contrast Artifacts
2.8 Density
2.9 Dark Artifacts
2.10 3D
2.11 Realistic 3D
2.12 e-Vol DXS Viewer
2.13 General Considerations
References
3: Utilization of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Endodontic Diagnosis
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Detection of Periapical Lesions

3.3 Differential Diagnosis of Pain when Etiology Is Unclear and Identification of Unusual Anatomical Relationships
3.4 Detection of Cracked Teeth and Root Fractures
3.5 Detection and Diagnosis of Inflammatory Resorptive Defects
3.6 Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDI)
3.7 Conclusion
References
4: The Impact of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Nonsurgical and Surgical Treatment Planning
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Implications for Clinical Practice
4.3 Conclusion
References
5: Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Internal Tooth Anatomy
5.1 Introduction

5.2 Methods for Studying Tooth Anatomy
5.3 Clinical Methods for the Evaluation of Tooth Anatomy
5.4 Preoperative Assessment of Complex Anatomy
5.5 Maxillary Molar Teeth
5.5.1 The Mesiobuccal Root Complex
5.5.2 Fused Roots
5.5.3 Double Palatal Roots and Canals
5.6 Maxillary Premolar Teeth
5.7 Mandibular Molar Teeth
5.7.1 Radix Entomolaris and Radix Paramolaris
5.7.2 C-Shaped Roots
5.7.3 Isthmus Canals
5.8 Mandibular Premolar Teeth
5.9 Mandibular Incisor Teeth
5.10 Complex Canal Features
5.10.1 Accessory Canals
5.10.2 Canal Confluence