Intro
Preface
Tribute to Assoc. Prof. Ekaterina Borisova
Contents
Part I Stokes Mueller Based Polarimetry
1 Polarization Imaging of Optical Anisotropy in Soft Tissues
1 Introduction
2 Polarization Fundamentals
2.1 Optical Anisotropy
2.2 Polarization
2.3 Polarization Properties
2.3.1 Linear Retardance
2.3.2 Circular Retardance
2.3.3 Linear Diattenuation
2.3.4 Circular Diattenuation
2.4 Mueller-Stokes Formalism
2.5 Decomposition
3 Instrumentation
3.1 Polarimeter Architectures
4 Applications
4.1 Quantitative Polarized Light Microscopy

4.2 Mueller Matrix Imaging
4.3 Polarized Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging
4.4 Optomechanical Testing
5 Conclusion
References
2 Polarization Techniques in Biological Microscopy
1 Optical Properties of Biological Samples
2 Polarized Microscopy
3 Polarized Light Microscopy Approaches
3.1 Wide-Field Polarized Microscopy
3.2 Polarized Fluorescence Microscopy
3.3 Polarized Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy
3.4 Confocal Scanning Laser Polarimetric Microscopy
3.5 Polarization-Sensitive Second Harmonic Microscopy
References

3 Stokes -Mueller Matrix Polarimetry: Effective Parameters of Anisotropic Turbid Media: Theory and Application
1 Introduction
2 Stokes Vector and Mueller Matrix Formalism
3 Decomposition Mueller Matrix for Extracting Effective Optical Parameters
4 Experimental Results and Discussion
4.1 Optical Fibers and Free-Space Media
4.2 Baked Polarizer (LB and LD Properties)
4.3 Depolarizer (LDep and CDep Properties)
4.4 Quarter-Wave Plate and Depolarizer (LB, LDep, and CDep Properties)
4.5 Dissolved Glucose Aqueous Solution (CB, LDep, and CDep Properties)

4.6 Healthy and Nonmelanoma-Induced Mouse Skin Tissue Sample
4.7 Human Blood Plasma
4.8 Collagen Solution
4.9 Healthy and Cancerous Human Skin Tissue
4.10 Combination of Effective Parameters and Artificial Intelligent Classification Models for Human Skin Detection
5 Conclusion
References
4 Mueller Matrix Imaging
1 Introduction
2 Polarimetric Optical Properties
2.1 Physical Origin of Polarimetric Effects
2.2 Quantitative Interpretation of Mueller Matrix Polarimetry Data
3 Imaging MM Instrumentation
3.1 System Based on Two Rotating Compensators

3.2 Systems Based on Tunable Liquid Crystals Compensators
3.3 Use of Polarization Cameras for MM Imaging
4 Practical Considerations and Examples
5 Summary and Outlook
References
5 Biological Imaging Through Optical Mueller Matrix Scanning Microscopy
1 Introduction
2 Complete Mueller Matrix Measurements
2.1 Back to the Mueller Matrix Formalism
2.2 Interpreting the Mueller Matrix
2.3 Optical Scanning Microscopy Architecture
2.4 Calibration of the SLM Mueller Matrix
3 Optical Scanning Imaging Architecture
3.1 Temporal Domain
3.2 Spectral Domain