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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Chapter 1: Waste Biomass Valorization and Its Application in the Environment
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Significance of Solid Biomass Valorization in the World
1.3 Different Process Mechanisms of Waste Biomass Valorization (Fig. 1.1)
1.3.1 Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC)
1.3.2 Hydrothermal Gasification
1.3.3 Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL)
1.3.4 Anaerobic Digestion (AD)
1.3.4.1 Hydrolysis
1.3.4.2 Acidogenesis
1.3.4.3 Acetogenesis
1.3.4.4 Methanogenesis
1.4 Different Products of Solid Waste Valorization and Their Environmental Applications
1.4.1 Production of Biochar
1.4.2 Biopesticides
1.4.3 Biohydrogen Production
1.4.4 Production of Organic Acids
1.4.5 Bio-Adsorbent Production
1.4.6 Antibiotics Production
1.4.7 Enzyme Production
1.4.8 Production of Pigments/Food Colors
1.4.9 Reducing Sugars
1.4.10 Amino Acids
1.4.11 Production of Pharmaceuticals
1.4.12 Bioplastics
1.4.13 Production of Bio-Oil
1.4.14 Food Additives
1.4.15 Single-Cell Proteins (SCP)
1.4.16 Biosurfactant Production
1.4.17 Immobilization Carrier Production
1.5 Traditional Approaches to Waste Biomass Valorization
1.5.1 Biogas Production
1.5.2 Compost and Vermicompost
1.5.3 Mushroom Production
1.6 Utilization of Waste Biomass as an Alternative Energy Source
1.7 Multidisciplinary Approaches to Waste Biomass Valorization
1.7.1 Bio-Nanotechnology
1.8 Biomass Valorization for the Bio-Economy Economy and Meeting Environmental Feasibility
1.9 Challenges of Waste Biomass Valorization
1.10 Future Perspective of Waste Biomass Valorization in the Circular Bio-Economy
1.11 Conclusions
2.7.1 Slow Pyrolysis
2.7.2 Fast Pyrolysis
2.7.3 Flash Pyrolysis
2.8 Pyrolysis Reactor Type
2.9 Different Reactor Designs
2.9.1 Fixed Bed Reactor
2.9.2 Fluidized Bed Reactor
2.9.3 Ablative Reactor
2.9.4 Vortex Reactor
2.9.5 Rotary Disk Reactor
2.9.6 Vacuum Pyrolysis Reactor
2.9.7 Rotary Cone Type Reactor
2.9.8 Plasma Pyrolysis Reactor
2.9.9 Microwave Reactor
2.9.10 Solar Reactor
2.10 Process Description
2.10.1 Feed Preparation
2.10.2 Catalysts Selection
2.10.3 Biomass Heating
2.10.4 Liquid Collection
2.10.5 Products
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Chapter 1: Waste Biomass Valorization and Its Application in the Environment
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Significance of Solid Biomass Valorization in the World
1.3 Different Process Mechanisms of Waste Biomass Valorization (Fig. 1.1)
1.3.1 Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC)
1.3.2 Hydrothermal Gasification
1.3.3 Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL)
1.3.4 Anaerobic Digestion (AD)
1.3.4.1 Hydrolysis
1.3.4.2 Acidogenesis
1.3.4.3 Acetogenesis
1.3.4.4 Methanogenesis
1.4 Different Products of Solid Waste Valorization and Their Environmental Applications
1.4.1 Production of Biochar
1.4.2 Biopesticides
1.4.3 Biohydrogen Production
1.4.4 Production of Organic Acids
1.4.5 Bio-Adsorbent Production
1.4.6 Antibiotics Production
1.4.7 Enzyme Production
1.4.8 Production of Pigments/Food Colors
1.4.9 Reducing Sugars
1.4.10 Amino Acids
1.4.11 Production of Pharmaceuticals
1.4.12 Bioplastics
1.4.13 Production of Bio-Oil
1.4.14 Food Additives
1.4.15 Single-Cell Proteins (SCP)
1.4.16 Biosurfactant Production
1.4.17 Immobilization Carrier Production
1.5 Traditional Approaches to Waste Biomass Valorization
1.5.1 Biogas Production
1.5.2 Compost and Vermicompost
1.5.3 Mushroom Production
1.6 Utilization of Waste Biomass as an Alternative Energy Source
1.7 Multidisciplinary Approaches to Waste Biomass Valorization
1.7.1 Bio-Nanotechnology
1.8 Biomass Valorization for the Bio-Economy Economy and Meeting Environmental Feasibility
1.9 Challenges of Waste Biomass Valorization
1.10 Future Perspective of Waste Biomass Valorization in the Circular Bio-Economy
1.11 Conclusions
2.7.1 Slow Pyrolysis
2.7.2 Fast Pyrolysis
2.7.3 Flash Pyrolysis
2.8 Pyrolysis Reactor Type
2.9 Different Reactor Designs
2.9.1 Fixed Bed Reactor
2.9.2 Fluidized Bed Reactor
2.9.3 Ablative Reactor
2.9.4 Vortex Reactor
2.9.5 Rotary Disk Reactor
2.9.6 Vacuum Pyrolysis Reactor
2.9.7 Rotary Cone Type Reactor
2.9.8 Plasma Pyrolysis Reactor
2.9.9 Microwave Reactor
2.9.10 Solar Reactor
2.10 Process Description
2.10.1 Feed Preparation
2.10.2 Catalysts Selection
2.10.3 Biomass Heating
2.10.4 Liquid Collection
2.10.5 Products