Intro
Preface
Acknowledgments
Key Features of the Book
Contents
About the Authors
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Transformer Infrastructure for Power Grid
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Role of Large Power Transformers in the Electric Grid
1.3 Power System Infrastructure
1.4 Three-Phase Transformer Interconnections
1.5 Transformer Technology Development
1.5.1 Design Technology
1.5.2 Testing of Transformer
1.6 On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) of Transformer
1.6.1 Where to Employ the OLTC on Transformer

1.6.2 Classification of OLTC Based on Its Construction
1.6.3 Advantages of OLTCs
1.6.4 Disadvantages of OLTCs
1.7 Dissolved Gas Analysis for Transformer Monitoring and Protection
1.7.1 How Gases Generated in Transformer
1.7.2 Identification of Faults by Gas Analysis
1.7.3 Methods for DGA
1.7.4 Advantages of Performing DGA
1.8 Condition Monitoring of the Transformer
1.8.1 Working Condition Monitoring
1.8.2 Emergency Condition Monitoring
1.9 Real-Time Operation and Protection of Power Transformer
1.10 Smart Transformer for Smart Grid Operation

1.11 Advanced Transformer Infrastructure (ATI)-Various Benefits
1.12 Conclusion
References
2 An Overview of the Protection of Power Transformers
2.1 Protection Basics
2.1.1 Unit and Non-unit Protection
2.1.2 Primary and Backup Protection
2.2 Problem Statements and Basics
2.3 Investigation Targets
2.4 Introduction
2.5 Different Faults/Abnormalities Observed in Transformer
2.5.1 Internal Fault
2.5.2 Sources of Internal Fault in Transformer
2.6 External Fault for the Transformer
2.7 Abnormalities in the Transformer

2.8 Different Transformer Protective Schemes Used in Field
2.8.1 Overcurrent (OC) Protection
2.8.2 OC (Overcurrent) Protection with Harmonic Restrain Unit (HRU)
2.8.3 REF (Restricted Earth Fault) Protective Scheme
2.8.4 Unit-Type Protection of Transformer (Differential Protection)
2.9 General Magnetizing Inrush Phenomenon
2.10 Over-Fluxing Condition
2.11 Inter-Turn Fault Protection
2.12 Non-electrical Protection
2.12.1 Thermal Relay
2.12.2 Temperature-Based OTI and WTI Relays
2.12.3 Buchholz Relay
2.12.4 Pressure Relays (PRs)

2.13 Generalized Protections Applied to Transformer
2.14 Adverse Effect of Single Phasing on Three-Phase Transformer
2.14.1 Basic Magnetic Circuit
2.14.2 Observation and Confirmation of the Theoretical Approach
2.14.3 Remarks of Single Phasing Supply to Three-Phase Transformer
2.15 Different Research Techniques Used in Transformer Protection
2.16 Examples
2.17 Conclusion
References
3 Introduction to Magnetic Inrush of Power Transformer
3.1 Basic of Magnetic Inrush
3.2 Various Classifier Techniques to Identify Inrush States