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Table of Contents
Intro
An Introduction to Passive Radar, Second Edition
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Terminology
1.2 History
1.3 Approach and Scope
References
Chapter 2 Principles of Passive Radar
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Bistatic and Multistatic Geometry
2.2.1 Coverage
2.2.2 Direct Signal Suppression
2.3 Bistatic Range and Doppler
2.3.1 Range Measurement
2.3.2 Range Resolution
2.3.3 Doppler Measurement
2.3.4 Doppler Resolution
2.4 Multistatic Passive Radar Range and Doppler
2.5 Multistatic Target Location
2.6 The Bistatic Radar Range Equation
2.7 Bistatic Target and Clutter Signatures
2.8 Summary
References
Chapter 3 Properties of Illuminators
3.1 Ambiguity Functions
3.1.1 The Ambiguity Function in Bistatic Radar
3.1.2 Bandwidth Extension with FM Radio Signals
3.2 Digital versus Analog
3.2.1 Analog Television Signals
3.2.2 Mismatched Filtering
3.3 Digitally Coded Waveforms
3.3.1 OFDM
3.3.2 GSM
3.3.3 Long Term Evolution (LTE)
3.3.4 Terrestrial Digital Television (DVB-T)
3.3.5 5G
3.3.6 Wi-Fi and WiMAX
3.3.7 Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM)
3.4 Vertical-Plane Coverage
3.5 Satellite-Borne Illuminators
3.5.1 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
3.5.2 Satellite TV
3.5.3 INMARSAT
3.5.4 IRIDIUM
3.5.5 STARLINK
3.5.6 LEO Radar Remote-Sensing Satellites
3.6 Radar Illuminators
3.7 Summary
References
Chapter 4 Passive Radar and Single-Frequency Networks
4.1 SFNs
4.2 SFN Structures
4.3 SFN Passive Radar
4.3.1 SFN Direct Signal Interference Removal
4.3.2 Target Ambiguity Removal
4.4 Summary
References
Chapter 5 Direct Signal Suppression
5.1 Introduction
5.2 DSI Power Levels
5.3 Direct Signal Suppression
5.4 Summary
References.
Chapter 6 Passive Radar Performance Prediction
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Detection Performance Prediction Parameters
6.3 Detection Performance Prediction
6.4 Comparing Predicted and Experimental Detection Performance
6.5 Target Location
6.6 Advanced Passive Radar Performance Prediction
6.7 Summary
References
Chapter 7 Detection and Tracking
7.1 Introduction
7.2 CFAR Detection
7.3 Target Location Estimation
7.3.1 Iso-Range Ellipses
7.3.2 Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)
7.3.3 Range-Doppler Plots
7.4 Track Filtering
7.4.1 The Kalman Filter
7.4.2 Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) Tracking
7.4.3 Multireceiver Passive Tracking
7.5 Summary
References
Chapter 8 Passive Radar from Moving Platforms
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Moving Target Detection
8.2.1 Cochannel Interference
8.2.2 Suppression of Clutter
8.2.3 Multichannel Calibration
8.3 Passive Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
8.3.1 Configurations and Resolution
8.3.2 Motion Compensation
8.3.3 Properties of Bistatic SAR Images
8.3.4 Passive SAR Imaging Using Terrestrial Digital Video Broadcast TV Transmissions
8.4 Multistatic Imaging Using Satellite Navigation Illuminators
8.5 Summary
References
Chapter 9 Examples of Systems and Results
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Analog TV
9.3 FM Radio
9.3.1 Silent Sentry
9.3.2 The Manastash Ridge Radar (MRR)
9.3.3 More Recent Experiments Using FM Radio Illuminators
9.3.4 Monitoring of Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Airspace
9.3.5 Summary
9.4 Cell Phone Base Stations
9.5 DVB-T and DAB
9.6 Passive Radar from Moving Platforms
9.7 HF Skywave Transmissions
9.8 Indoor/Wi-Fi
9.9 Satellite-Borne Illuminators
9.9.1 Early Experiments Using GPS and Forward Scatter
9.9.2 Geostationary Satellites
9.9.3 Bistatic SAR
9.9.4 Bistatic ISAR.
9.9.5 Summary
9.10 Low-Cost Scientific Remote Sensing
9.10.1 Ocean Scatterometry Using GNSS Signals
9.10.2 Terrestrial Bistatic Weather Radar
9.10.3 Planetary Radar Remote Sensing
9.11 Summary
References
Chapter 10 Future Developments and Applications
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The Spectrum Problem and Commensal Radar
10.2.1 The Spectrum Problem
10.2.2 Commensal Radar
10.3 Passive Radar in Air Traffic Management
10.4 Target Recognition and Passive Radar
10.5 Countermeasures Against Passive Radar
10.5.1 Countermeasures
10.5.2 Bistatic Denial
10.6 Eldercare and Assisted Living
10.7 Low-Cost Passive Radar
10.8 Low-Cost Remote Sensing
10.9 The Intelligent Adaptive Radar Network
10.10 Conclusions
References
Bibliography
About the Authors
Index.
An Introduction to Passive Radar, Second Edition
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Terminology
1.2 History
1.3 Approach and Scope
References
Chapter 2 Principles of Passive Radar
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Bistatic and Multistatic Geometry
2.2.1 Coverage
2.2.2 Direct Signal Suppression
2.3 Bistatic Range and Doppler
2.3.1 Range Measurement
2.3.2 Range Resolution
2.3.3 Doppler Measurement
2.3.4 Doppler Resolution
2.4 Multistatic Passive Radar Range and Doppler
2.5 Multistatic Target Location
2.6 The Bistatic Radar Range Equation
2.7 Bistatic Target and Clutter Signatures
2.8 Summary
References
Chapter 3 Properties of Illuminators
3.1 Ambiguity Functions
3.1.1 The Ambiguity Function in Bistatic Radar
3.1.2 Bandwidth Extension with FM Radio Signals
3.2 Digital versus Analog
3.2.1 Analog Television Signals
3.2.2 Mismatched Filtering
3.3 Digitally Coded Waveforms
3.3.1 OFDM
3.3.2 GSM
3.3.3 Long Term Evolution (LTE)
3.3.4 Terrestrial Digital Television (DVB-T)
3.3.5 5G
3.3.6 Wi-Fi and WiMAX
3.3.7 Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM)
3.4 Vertical-Plane Coverage
3.5 Satellite-Borne Illuminators
3.5.1 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
3.5.2 Satellite TV
3.5.3 INMARSAT
3.5.4 IRIDIUM
3.5.5 STARLINK
3.5.6 LEO Radar Remote-Sensing Satellites
3.6 Radar Illuminators
3.7 Summary
References
Chapter 4 Passive Radar and Single-Frequency Networks
4.1 SFNs
4.2 SFN Structures
4.3 SFN Passive Radar
4.3.1 SFN Direct Signal Interference Removal
4.3.2 Target Ambiguity Removal
4.4 Summary
References
Chapter 5 Direct Signal Suppression
5.1 Introduction
5.2 DSI Power Levels
5.3 Direct Signal Suppression
5.4 Summary
References.
Chapter 6 Passive Radar Performance Prediction
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Detection Performance Prediction Parameters
6.3 Detection Performance Prediction
6.4 Comparing Predicted and Experimental Detection Performance
6.5 Target Location
6.6 Advanced Passive Radar Performance Prediction
6.7 Summary
References
Chapter 7 Detection and Tracking
7.1 Introduction
7.2 CFAR Detection
7.3 Target Location Estimation
7.3.1 Iso-Range Ellipses
7.3.2 Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)
7.3.3 Range-Doppler Plots
7.4 Track Filtering
7.4.1 The Kalman Filter
7.4.2 Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) Tracking
7.4.3 Multireceiver Passive Tracking
7.5 Summary
References
Chapter 8 Passive Radar from Moving Platforms
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Moving Target Detection
8.2.1 Cochannel Interference
8.2.2 Suppression of Clutter
8.2.3 Multichannel Calibration
8.3 Passive Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
8.3.1 Configurations and Resolution
8.3.2 Motion Compensation
8.3.3 Properties of Bistatic SAR Images
8.3.4 Passive SAR Imaging Using Terrestrial Digital Video Broadcast TV Transmissions
8.4 Multistatic Imaging Using Satellite Navigation Illuminators
8.5 Summary
References
Chapter 9 Examples of Systems and Results
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Analog TV
9.3 FM Radio
9.3.1 Silent Sentry
9.3.2 The Manastash Ridge Radar (MRR)
9.3.3 More Recent Experiments Using FM Radio Illuminators
9.3.4 Monitoring of Square Kilometer Array (SKA) Airspace
9.3.5 Summary
9.4 Cell Phone Base Stations
9.5 DVB-T and DAB
9.6 Passive Radar from Moving Platforms
9.7 HF Skywave Transmissions
9.8 Indoor/Wi-Fi
9.9 Satellite-Borne Illuminators
9.9.1 Early Experiments Using GPS and Forward Scatter
9.9.2 Geostationary Satellites
9.9.3 Bistatic SAR
9.9.4 Bistatic ISAR.
9.9.5 Summary
9.10 Low-Cost Scientific Remote Sensing
9.10.1 Ocean Scatterometry Using GNSS Signals
9.10.2 Terrestrial Bistatic Weather Radar
9.10.3 Planetary Radar Remote Sensing
9.11 Summary
References
Chapter 10 Future Developments and Applications
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The Spectrum Problem and Commensal Radar
10.2.1 The Spectrum Problem
10.2.2 Commensal Radar
10.3 Passive Radar in Air Traffic Management
10.4 Target Recognition and Passive Radar
10.5 Countermeasures Against Passive Radar
10.5.1 Countermeasures
10.5.2 Bistatic Denial
10.6 Eldercare and Assisted Living
10.7 Low-Cost Passive Radar
10.8 Low-Cost Remote Sensing
10.9 The Intelligent Adaptive Radar Network
10.10 Conclusions
References
Bibliography
About the Authors
Index.