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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Are Equids Evolutionary Dead Ends?
Speciosity and Wide Distribution Hallmarks of Success?
Speciosity and Wide Distribution of Equids in the Past and at Present
The Equids: A Successful Suite of Species
Perspective for the Ideas Reported in this Book
References
Chapter 2: Evolutionary Radiation of Equids
Introduction
The Data
Early Diversification
The Anchithere Radiation
A New Look at Early Equine Radiation
Body Mass and Hypsodonty Evolution in Horses
New Perspectives on Horses ?Diversification and Phenotypic Evolution
References
Chapter 3: The Miocene Browsing Horses: Another Way to Be a Successful Large Equid
Introduction
Anatomical Differences between Anchitheriins and Other Equids
General Skeletal Form
Craniodental Anatomy
Foot Anatomy
New Insights on the Morphology of the Anchitheriin Equids
References
Chapter 4: Why There Are No Modern Equids Living in Tropical Lowland Rainforests
Modern Equids Are Absent from Forests and Some Other Habitats
(I) Tropical Lowland Rainforests as Marginal Habitat for Large Ungulates
(ii) Characteristics of the Large Ungulate Assemblage of Tropical Lowland Rainforests
(iii) Traits of `True ?(Perissodactyl) Tropical Forest Ungulates
(iv) Equids: A Mixture of Basal Forest and Advanced Grassland Traits
Equids in Tropical Forests: Storylines on Limiting Factors
The Carbon Dioxide Storyline
The Chemical Defence Storyline
The Metabolism Storyline
The Parasitism Storyline
Implications for Ungulate Evolution and Ecology
Closing Remarks
References
Chapter 5: Evolution of Equid Body Size
Introduction
Evolution of Body Size Within the family Equidae: A Highly Complex and Non-linear Journey
Body Size Variation in Extinct Equus: Pleistocene Trends Around the World
North America
South America
Asia
Europe
Africa
What Drove Body Size Changes in Extinct Equids? Different Frameworks to Study a Singular Phenomenon
Variation in Climate, Habitat, and Resources: Traditional Explanations for Body Size Changes in Extinct Equids
Hard Tissue Palaeohistology and Life History Theory: A New Tool and Framework to Study the Evolution of Equid Body Size
Body Size Variation in Extant Wild Equus: Size Unimorphism in Zebras, Asses and Feral Horses
Body Size Variation in Domesticated Equus: About Miniature Donkeys and Draught Horses
Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Forage Consumption and Digestion in the Modern Equids
Introduction
What Is the Biological and Evolutionary Basis for Foraging and Digestion?
How Do Other Large Herbivores (Including Other Perissodactyls and the Artiodactyls) Digest Their Forage?
How Do Equids Collect and Ingest Their Forage?
Speciosity and Wide Distribution Hallmarks of Success?
Speciosity and Wide Distribution of Equids in the Past and at Present
The Equids: A Successful Suite of Species
Perspective for the Ideas Reported in this Book
References
Chapter 2: Evolutionary Radiation of Equids
Introduction
The Data
Early Diversification
The Anchithere Radiation
A New Look at Early Equine Radiation
Body Mass and Hypsodonty Evolution in Horses
New Perspectives on Horses ?Diversification and Phenotypic Evolution
References
Chapter 3: The Miocene Browsing Horses: Another Way to Be a Successful Large Equid
Introduction
Anatomical Differences between Anchitheriins and Other Equids
General Skeletal Form
Craniodental Anatomy
Foot Anatomy
New Insights on the Morphology of the Anchitheriin Equids
References
Chapter 4: Why There Are No Modern Equids Living in Tropical Lowland Rainforests
Modern Equids Are Absent from Forests and Some Other Habitats
(I) Tropical Lowland Rainforests as Marginal Habitat for Large Ungulates
(ii) Characteristics of the Large Ungulate Assemblage of Tropical Lowland Rainforests
(iii) Traits of `True ?(Perissodactyl) Tropical Forest Ungulates
(iv) Equids: A Mixture of Basal Forest and Advanced Grassland Traits
Equids in Tropical Forests: Storylines on Limiting Factors
The Carbon Dioxide Storyline
The Chemical Defence Storyline
The Metabolism Storyline
The Parasitism Storyline
Implications for Ungulate Evolution and Ecology
Closing Remarks
References
Chapter 5: Evolution of Equid Body Size
Introduction
Evolution of Body Size Within the family Equidae: A Highly Complex and Non-linear Journey
Body Size Variation in Extinct Equus: Pleistocene Trends Around the World
North America
South America
Asia
Europe
Africa
What Drove Body Size Changes in Extinct Equids? Different Frameworks to Study a Singular Phenomenon
Variation in Climate, Habitat, and Resources: Traditional Explanations for Body Size Changes in Extinct Equids
Hard Tissue Palaeohistology and Life History Theory: A New Tool and Framework to Study the Evolution of Equid Body Size
Body Size Variation in Extant Wild Equus: Size Unimorphism in Zebras, Asses and Feral Horses
Body Size Variation in Domesticated Equus: About Miniature Donkeys and Draught Horses
Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: Forage Consumption and Digestion in the Modern Equids
Introduction
What Is the Biological and Evolutionary Basis for Foraging and Digestion?
How Do Other Large Herbivores (Including Other Perissodactyls and the Artiodactyls) Digest Their Forage?
How Do Equids Collect and Ingest Their Forage?