Intro
Preface
Contents
Photo-Induced Carbene Transformations to Heterocycles
1 Introduction
2 Carbenes for the Photochemical Synthesis of Heterocycles
2.1 C-H Insertions Leading to Heterocyclic Scaffolds
2.2 O-H Insertions in Heterocycle Synthesis
2.3 Photochemically Generated Ylides in Heterocycle Synthesis
2.4 Photochemical Wolff Rearrangements and Subsequent Transformations
2.5 Light-Induced [2+1]-Cycloadditions Leading to Heterocycle Rings
2.6 Carbenes Generated Via Photochemical Brook Rearrangements

2.7 Nitrenes as Intermediates in Photochemical Synthesis of Heterocycles
2.8 Miscellaneous
3 Conclusion
References
Heterocycles from Onium Ylides
1 Introduction
2 Heterocycle Synthesis via Onium Ylides from Diazoalkanes
2.1 Ammonium Ylides
2.2 Oxonium Ylides
2.3 Sulfonium Ylides
3 Heterocycle Synthesis via Onium Ylides from Triazoles
3.1 Nitrogen-Based Ylides
3.2 Oxonium Ylides
3.3 Sulfonium Ylides
3.4 Selenonium Ylides
4 Conclusion
References
Heterocycles from Sulfur Ylides
1 Introduction

2 Heterocycle Synthesis from Sulfur Ylide Mediated by Carbenes
2.1 Category 1: Direct Metal-Carbene Formation from Sulfur Ylides
2.1.1 Nitrogen Heterocycles
2.1.2 Oxygen Heterocycles
2.1.3 Sulfur-Containing Heterocycles
2.2 Category 2: Metal-Catalyzed C-H Activation Before Metal-Carbene Formation
2.2.1 Nitrogen Heterocycles
2.2.2 Oxygen Heterocycles
2.2.3 Heterocycles Containing Two or More Heteroatoms
3 Summary and Outlook
References
Heterocycles from Cascade Reactions via Carbene gem-Difunctionalization
1 Introduction

2 Heterocyclic Skeleton Construction via Intramolecular Cyclization
2.1 Heterocyclic Skeleton Construction via Nucleophilic Cyclization
2.1.1 Diazo Compounds as Carbene Precursors
2.1.2 Alkynes as Carbene Precursors
2.1.3 Cyclopropenes as Carbene Precursors
2.2 Heterocyclic Skeleton Construction via Electrophilic Cyclization
3 Heterocyclic Skeleton Construction via Carbene gem-Difunctionalization
3.1 Heterocycles from the Interception of Ammonium Ylides
3.2 Heterocycles from the Interception of Oxonium Ylides

3.3 Heterocycles from the Interception of Zwitterionic Intermediates
3.4 Heterocycles from the Interception of Other Reactive Intermediates
3.5 Heterocycles from One-Pot Cyclization Post the Carbene gem-Difunctionalization
4 Heterocyclic Skeleton Modification via Carbene gem-Difunctionalization
4.1 Modification of Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors
4.2 Modification of Heterocyclic Nucleophiles
4.3 Modification of Heterocyclic Electrophiles
5 Conclusion
References
Heterocycles from Cyclopropanation of Five-Membered Heteroarenes
1 Introduction