Intro
Preface
Contents
Bridge Design Construction and Maintenance
Effect of Live Load Increment of Old Steel Railway Bridges in Sri Lanka
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Material Testing
4 Vibration Analysis
5 Finite Element Modeling of the Bridges
5.1 Load Modal
6 Results
7 Conclusions
8 Recommendation
References
Use of Markov Chain Method to Predict Service Life of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks
1 Introduction
2 Research Significance
3 Stochastic Markov Chain State-Based Modelling
3.1 Bridge Service Life

3.2 Employment of Markov Chain for the Bridges with Known Present Condition Ratings
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Thin-Walled Hollow Steel Box Piers with Energy Dissipation Mechanism Under Bi-directional Cyclic Loading
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Analysis
2.1 Material Properties
2.2 Equivalent Thickness of LYP Steel Plate
2.3 Geometrical Details of the Columns
2.4 Loading Procedure
2.5 Numerical Model
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Validation of the Numerical Model

3.2 Hysteretic Behaviour and Performance of Thin-Walled Steel Hollow Piers with Energy Dissipation Mechanism
4 Conclusions
References
Damage Prediction by Using Nonlinearity of Damping
1 Introduction
2 Objective and Scope
3 Damping Models and Damping Estimation
4 Experimental Investigation
5 Conclusions
References
Chemical Processes for a Sustainable Future
Effects of Refined Coconut Oil and Vegetable Oil on the Mechanical, Thermal, Morphological, and Biodegradable Properties of Cassava Starch-Based Thermoplastic (TPS) Films
1 Introduction

2 Materials and Methodology
2.1 Materials
2.2 Preparation of Thermoplastic Thin Film
2.3 Thickness of the Films
2.4 Morphology
2.5 X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
2.6 Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
2.7 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
2.8 Tensile Properties
2.9 Water Absorption
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Physical Properties
3.2 SEM Observation
3.3 X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
3.4 Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
3.5 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
3.6 Tensile Properties
3.7 Water Absorption
3.8 Biodegradability

4 Conclusion
References
Batch Adsorption Study for the Removal of Textile Dyes from Aqueous Solutions Using Pandanus Amaryllifolius (Rampe) Leaves
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Preparation of Biosorbent (Adsorbent)
2.3 Preparation of Dye Solutions (Adsorbate)
2.4 Measurements with Analytical Instruments
2.5 Batch Adsorption Experiments
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Percentage Removal of Dyes
3.2 Adsorption Isotherm Studies
3.3 Adsorption Kinetic Studies
3.4 Intra-Particle Diffusion Studies
3.5 FTIR Analysis
3.6 SEM Analysis