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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Contents
Mechanisms of Luminescence in Upconversion Nanoparticles
1 Introduction
2 Transition Metal Upconversion Mechanisms
3 Lanthanide Upconversion Mechanisms
4 Upconversion Mechanisms in Organic Nanoparticles
5 Upconversion of Semiconductor Quantum Dots (UCQD)
6 Conclusion
References
Engineering of Upconversion Nanoparticles for Better Efficiency
1 Introduction
1.1 Limitations in the Efficiency of UCNPs
2 Ways to Improve the Efficiency of UCNPs
2.1 Shell Addition
2.2 Concentration of Dopants
2.3 Crystal Matrix
2.4 Thermal Enhancement
2.5 Dielectric Structures
2.6 Modification of UCNPs Properties by Other Photoactive Species
3 Strategies to Improve RET Efficiency
3.1 Improving the Donor Quantum Yield
3.2 Reducing the Acceptor-Donor Distance
3.3 Spectral Overlap
4 Concluding Remarks
References
Phenomenology of Emission Color Tunability in Upconversion Nanoparticles
1 Introduction
2 Upconversion Processes
3 Role of the Host-Generation of Colors Through UC
4 Change in Concentration and Co/Tri-doping Leading to UC Color Change
4.1 Influence of Size/Shape of NPs on UC
4.2 UC Color Tunability by Power Density
4.3 Core-Shell Structure-Based UC Color Tunability
4.4 Pulse Modulation
4.5 Dual Wavelength Excitation
4.6 Local Structure Manipulation and Changing Surrounding Environments Like Temperature and Pressure
4.7 Other Factors
5 Conclusions
References
Design of Interfacial Energy Transfer Model in Upconversion Nanoparticles
1 Introduction
2 Energy Flux in Core-shell Nanoparticles
2.1 Construct Interface in Nanomaterials
2.2 IET-Mediated Upconversion
2.3 Optimization of Energy Transfer Pathways
3 Mechanistic Understanding of Upconversion by IET
3.1 Control of Energy Transfer on the Nanoscale
3.2 Probe Energy Migration at Sublattice
3.3 Deep Insight Into Gd3+-Mediated Interfacial Interactions
4 Frontier Applications
4.1 Information Security and Anti-Counterfeiting
4.2 Upconversion Laser
4.3 Single-Particle Imaging and Sensing
4.4 Biotherapy
4.5 Lifetime Imaging
5 Conclusions
References
Upconversion Phenomenon and Its Implications in Core-Shell Architecture
1 Introduction
2 Different Strategies for Tuning the Upconversion Phenomenon in Core-Shell Architecture
2.1 Homogeneous Active Core-Inert Shell UCNP
2.2 Heterogeneous Active Core-Inert Shell UCNP
2.3 Active Core-Active Shell Structure
2.4 Suppression of Cross-Relaxation
2.5 Nanoscopic Control of Energy Transfer
3 Multicolor Modulation of Emissions/Tuning of Upconversion Colors
3.1 Functional Multiplicity of Core-Shell Particles
3.2 Emission Lifetime Modulation
3.3 Organic Dyes as the Shell Layer
4 Biomedical Applications of Core@shell UCNPs
4.1 Bioimaging
4.2 Drug Delivery
Preface
Contents
Mechanisms of Luminescence in Upconversion Nanoparticles
1 Introduction
2 Transition Metal Upconversion Mechanisms
3 Lanthanide Upconversion Mechanisms
4 Upconversion Mechanisms in Organic Nanoparticles
5 Upconversion of Semiconductor Quantum Dots (UCQD)
6 Conclusion
References
Engineering of Upconversion Nanoparticles for Better Efficiency
1 Introduction
1.1 Limitations in the Efficiency of UCNPs
2 Ways to Improve the Efficiency of UCNPs
2.1 Shell Addition
2.2 Concentration of Dopants
2.3 Crystal Matrix
2.4 Thermal Enhancement
2.5 Dielectric Structures
2.6 Modification of UCNPs Properties by Other Photoactive Species
3 Strategies to Improve RET Efficiency
3.1 Improving the Donor Quantum Yield
3.2 Reducing the Acceptor-Donor Distance
3.3 Spectral Overlap
4 Concluding Remarks
References
Phenomenology of Emission Color Tunability in Upconversion Nanoparticles
1 Introduction
2 Upconversion Processes
3 Role of the Host-Generation of Colors Through UC
4 Change in Concentration and Co/Tri-doping Leading to UC Color Change
4.1 Influence of Size/Shape of NPs on UC
4.2 UC Color Tunability by Power Density
4.3 Core-Shell Structure-Based UC Color Tunability
4.4 Pulse Modulation
4.5 Dual Wavelength Excitation
4.6 Local Structure Manipulation and Changing Surrounding Environments Like Temperature and Pressure
4.7 Other Factors
5 Conclusions
References
Design of Interfacial Energy Transfer Model in Upconversion Nanoparticles
1 Introduction
2 Energy Flux in Core-shell Nanoparticles
2.1 Construct Interface in Nanomaterials
2.2 IET-Mediated Upconversion
2.3 Optimization of Energy Transfer Pathways
3 Mechanistic Understanding of Upconversion by IET
3.1 Control of Energy Transfer on the Nanoscale
3.2 Probe Energy Migration at Sublattice
3.3 Deep Insight Into Gd3+-Mediated Interfacial Interactions
4 Frontier Applications
4.1 Information Security and Anti-Counterfeiting
4.2 Upconversion Laser
4.3 Single-Particle Imaging and Sensing
4.4 Biotherapy
4.5 Lifetime Imaging
5 Conclusions
References
Upconversion Phenomenon and Its Implications in Core-Shell Architecture
1 Introduction
2 Different Strategies for Tuning the Upconversion Phenomenon in Core-Shell Architecture
2.1 Homogeneous Active Core-Inert Shell UCNP
2.2 Heterogeneous Active Core-Inert Shell UCNP
2.3 Active Core-Active Shell Structure
2.4 Suppression of Cross-Relaxation
2.5 Nanoscopic Control of Energy Transfer
3 Multicolor Modulation of Emissions/Tuning of Upconversion Colors
3.1 Functional Multiplicity of Core-Shell Particles
3.2 Emission Lifetime Modulation
3.3 Organic Dyes as the Shell Layer
4 Biomedical Applications of Core@shell UCNPs
4.1 Bioimaging
4.2 Drug Delivery