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Table of Contents
Intro
Funded by
Editorial Board of the Series of The Change of Climate and Ecological Environment in China: 2021
Editorial Board of The Change of Climate and Ecological Environment in China 2021: Synthesis Report
Foreword by Jianguo Hou
Foreword by Guotai Zhuang
Preface I
Preface II
Introduction
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Evolution of Global Climate and Ecological Environment
1.1.1 Impact of Human Activities on the Earth's Environment and the Livable Earth
1.1.2 Impact of Human Activities on Global Climate Change
1.1.3 Impacts and Risks of Climate Change on Natural and Human Systems
1.2 Historical Evolution of Climate, Ecological Environment and Socio-economic Development in China
1.2.1 Overview
1.2.2 Historical Changes in Climate, Ecological Environment and Socio-economic Development
1.2.3 Contemporary Changes in Climate and Ecological Environment
1.2.4 Changes in Modern Social and Economic Development
1.3 Future Changes and Transformation and Development
1.3.1 Future Changes and Risks in Climate and Ecological Environment
1.3.2 Actions to Deal with Climate Change and Protect Environment
1.3.3 Transition to Sustainable Development
1.4 Contribution of China's Assessment Reports on Climate, Environment and Ecology
1.5 Overview of This Assessment
References
2 Observed Climate Change and Ecological Environment Evolution and Their Causes
2.1 Observed Facts
2.1.1 Atmosphere
2.1.2 Hydrosphere
2.1.3 Cryosphere
2.1.4 Ecosystem
2.1.5 Planetary Environment
2.2 Extreme Events
2.2.1 Extreme Temperature Events
2.2.2 Extreme Precipitation Events
2.2.3 Typhoon and Severe Convective Weather
2.2.4 Sand-Dust Storms and Haze
2.2.5 Cryospheric Events
2.2.6 Forest Fire Weather
2.2.7 Compound Extreme Events
2.2.8 Attribution of Extreme Events
2.3 Impacts of Human Activities on Climate Change in China
2.3.1 Impact of Human Activities on Atmospheric Composition and the Generated Radiative Forcing
2.3.2 Impact of Human Activities on Surface Solar Radiation and Surface Air Temperature in China
2.3.3 Impact of Human Activities on the East Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation and Precipitation in China
2.3.4 Impact of Human Activities on Extreme Climate Events in China
2.4 Large-Scale Factors Affecting Climate Change in China
2.4.1 East Asian Monsoon
2.4.2 Main Modes and Teleconnections of Atmospheric Circulations
2.4.3 Ocean Modes
2.4.4 Arctic Sea Ice and Snow Cover on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
2.4.5 Snow Cover in Eurasia
2.5 Impacts of Climate Change on Socio-economic Systems
2.5.1 The Impact Extent of Climate Change on Socio-economic Systems
2.5.2 Regional Differences in the Impact of Climate Change on Socio-economic Systems
References
3 Projections of Future Climate Change and Risks
Funded by
Editorial Board of the Series of The Change of Climate and Ecological Environment in China: 2021
Editorial Board of The Change of Climate and Ecological Environment in China 2021: Synthesis Report
Foreword by Jianguo Hou
Foreword by Guotai Zhuang
Preface I
Preface II
Introduction
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Evolution of Global Climate and Ecological Environment
1.1.1 Impact of Human Activities on the Earth's Environment and the Livable Earth
1.1.2 Impact of Human Activities on Global Climate Change
1.1.3 Impacts and Risks of Climate Change on Natural and Human Systems
1.2 Historical Evolution of Climate, Ecological Environment and Socio-economic Development in China
1.2.1 Overview
1.2.2 Historical Changes in Climate, Ecological Environment and Socio-economic Development
1.2.3 Contemporary Changes in Climate and Ecological Environment
1.2.4 Changes in Modern Social and Economic Development
1.3 Future Changes and Transformation and Development
1.3.1 Future Changes and Risks in Climate and Ecological Environment
1.3.2 Actions to Deal with Climate Change and Protect Environment
1.3.3 Transition to Sustainable Development
1.4 Contribution of China's Assessment Reports on Climate, Environment and Ecology
1.5 Overview of This Assessment
References
2 Observed Climate Change and Ecological Environment Evolution and Their Causes
2.1 Observed Facts
2.1.1 Atmosphere
2.1.2 Hydrosphere
2.1.3 Cryosphere
2.1.4 Ecosystem
2.1.5 Planetary Environment
2.2 Extreme Events
2.2.1 Extreme Temperature Events
2.2.2 Extreme Precipitation Events
2.2.3 Typhoon and Severe Convective Weather
2.2.4 Sand-Dust Storms and Haze
2.2.5 Cryospheric Events
2.2.6 Forest Fire Weather
2.2.7 Compound Extreme Events
2.2.8 Attribution of Extreme Events
2.3 Impacts of Human Activities on Climate Change in China
2.3.1 Impact of Human Activities on Atmospheric Composition and the Generated Radiative Forcing
2.3.2 Impact of Human Activities on Surface Solar Radiation and Surface Air Temperature in China
2.3.3 Impact of Human Activities on the East Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation and Precipitation in China
2.3.4 Impact of Human Activities on Extreme Climate Events in China
2.4 Large-Scale Factors Affecting Climate Change in China
2.4.1 East Asian Monsoon
2.4.2 Main Modes and Teleconnections of Atmospheric Circulations
2.4.3 Ocean Modes
2.4.4 Arctic Sea Ice and Snow Cover on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
2.4.5 Snow Cover in Eurasia
2.5 Impacts of Climate Change on Socio-economic Systems
2.5.1 The Impact Extent of Climate Change on Socio-economic Systems
2.5.2 Regional Differences in the Impact of Climate Change on Socio-economic Systems
References
3 Projections of Future Climate Change and Risks