Chapter 1: Introduction: Instruments of Futures Past
1.1 Galileo, Kepler and the Telescope in Science
1.2 The Electronic Oracle and Computer Simulations
1.3 The Philosophy of Computer Simulations
References
Chapter 2: Computer Simulations in Science
2.1 Equation-Based Simulations
2.2 Agent-Based Simulations
2.3 Supercomputing and Simulations
2.4 Machine Learning and Simulations
References
Chapter 3: The Rise of a Dichotomy
3.1 Establishing the Dichotomy
3.2 Somewhere In-between Model and Experiment

3.3 Experimental Models, Modeling Experiments and Simulating Science
3.4 Simulating Experiments
3.5 The Pipeline
References
Chapter 4: The Via Negativa: Computer Simulations as Distinct
4.1 Simply Distinct
4.2 Distinct from the Context in Which They Are Deployed
4.3 Functionally Distinct: They Do Different Things or They Do Things Differently
4.4 How Distinct, Really? An Objection
References
Chapter 5: Technical Artifacts, Instruments and a Working Definition for Computer Simulations
5.1 Defining Instruments
5.2 Defining Scientific Instruments

5.3 Taking Stock and Defining Computer Simulations
References
Chapter 6: Hybrid All the Way Down
6.1 A False Dichotomy: The In-betweenness of Computer Simulations Explained
6.2 Hybridity and Functional Novelty
6.3 Other Instrument Taxonomies
References
Chapter 7: Implications of the Instruments View of Computer Simulation
7.1 Epistemic Entitlements and Computer Simulations
7.2 Transparent Conveyers, Expert Testimony and Computer Simulations
7.3 Computer Simulations Are Not Transparent Conveyers
7.4 Warrants for One Thing Are Not Necessarily Warrants for Another

7.5 Computer Simulations Are Not Themselves Sources of Expert Testimony
7.6 Epistemic Technologies, Epistemic Trust and Epistemic Opacity
7.7 Scientific Inquiry Versus Everyday Epistemic Practices
References
Chapter 8: Conclusion.