Intro
Preface
Contents
Part I: Extraction Methods
1: Updated Methods of Extracellular Vesicles Isolation
1.1 Background
1.2 The Regular Methods of EVs Isolation
1.2.1 Ultracentrifugation (UC)
1.2.2 Density Gradient Centrifugation (DGC)
1.2.3 Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC)
1.2.4 Ultrafiltration (UF)
1.2.5 Immunoaffinity Capture (IAC)
1.2.6 Precipitation
1.3 Novel Method of EVs Extraction
1.3.1 Microfluidics-Based EVs Isolation Technique
1.3.2 Creative Combination of Different Methods
1.3.3 Newly Emerging Methods for EVs Isolation

1.4 Recommended Methods for EVs Isolation from Biofluids
1.4.1 Plasma or Serum
1.4.2 Urine
1.4.3 Milk
1.4.4 Saliva
1.5 Recommended Protocols for EVs Extraction from Tissues
1.5.1 Brain
1.5.2 Intestinal Tissue
1.5.3 Muscles
1.5.4 Heart
1.6 Perspective
References
Part II: Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease
2: Extracellular Vesicles and Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy
2.1 Background
2.2 Cardiomyocyte-Derived EVs on Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy
2.3 Cardiac Fibroblast-Derived EVs on Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy

2.4 EVs from Other Cell Types in Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy
2.5 Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy
2.6 Exosomes from Cardiosphere-Derived Cells on Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy
2.7 Translational Perspective
2.8 Conclusion
References
3: Extracellular Vesicles and Cardiac Aging
3.1 Background
3.2 Accumulation of Cellular Injury and Cell Senescence
3.2.1 EVs, Aging, and Cell Senescence
3.3 Cardiac Aging and Cell Senescence
3.3.1 Cardiomyocytes
3.3.2 Fibroblasts
3.3.3 Endothelial Cells
3.3.4 Stem and Progenitor Cells

3.4 Promising Approaches: Mitochondria-Enriched Vesicles
3.5 Perspectives
References
4: Extracellular Vesicles and Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases
4.1 Background
4.2 Different Sources of Extracellular Vesicles for Therapy of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases
4.3 Native Extracellular Vesicles for Ischemic Cardiovascular Therapeutics
4.4 Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles for Ischemic Cardiovascular Therapeutics
4.5 EVs as Potential Biomarkers of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases
4.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References

5: Extracellular Vesicles and Hypertension
5.1 Background
5.2 Extracellular Vesicles and Essential Hypertension
5.2.1 Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
5.2.2 Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Endothelial Cells
5.2.3 Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
5.2.4 Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Fibroblasts
5.3 Extracellular Vesicles and Secondary Hypertension
5.3.1 Extracellular Vesicles and Acute Kidney Injury
5.3.2 Extracellular Vesicles and Renal Parenchymal Diseases