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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Introduction
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Author
Abbreviations
1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Need of Meta-Analysis
1.3 Popularity of Meta-Analysis
1.4 Guidelines and Checklists
1.5 Steps Involved
1.6 Available Software
1.7 Conclusion
References
2: Systematic Literature Review (SLR)
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Important Points
2.3 Importance of SLR
2.4 Difference Between Narrative and Systematic Literature Review (SLR)
2.5 Protocol Development
2.6 Steps to Perform SLR
2.6.1 Frame Your Objective and Research Questions
2.6.2 Define Eligibility Criteria
2.6.3 Search Strategy
2.6.4 Sorting of Studies
2.6.5 Quality Assessment
2.6.6 Collection of Data
2.6.7 Analysis
2.7 Conclusion
References
3: Quality Assessment of Studies
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Checklists/Scales
3.2.1 Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2)
3.2.2 Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS)
3.2.3 Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM)
3.2.4 Cochrane Risk-of-Bias (RoB 2) Tool
3.2.5 Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP)
3.2.6 Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklists
3.2.7 Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS)
3.2.8 Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) Tool
3.2.9 Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)
3.2.10 Jadad Scale
3.2.11 van Tulder Scale
3.2.12 CCRBT
3.2.13 GRADE
3.2.14 Avoiding Bias in Selecting Studies (AHRQ)
3.2.15 Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE)
3.2.16 Downs and Black Checklist
3.2.17 GRACE Checklists
3.3 Methodological Index for Non-randomised Studies (MINORS)
3.4 Conclusion
References
4: Extraction and Analysis of Data
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Extraction of Data
4.3 Analysis of Data
4.3.1 Weightage to Studies
4.3.2 Selection of Model
4.3.3 Choose an Effect Size
4.3.4 Mean Difference (MD) vs Standardised Mean Difference (SMD)
4.3.5 Response Ratios
4.3.5.1 Effect Sizes Based on Binary Data
4.3.5.1.1 Risk Ratio
4.3.5.1.2 Odds Ratio
4.3.5.1.3 Risk Difference
4.4 Selection of Effect Sizes (Risk Ratio, Odds Ratio, and Risk Difference)
6.2.4 Cochranś Q Test
Preface
Introduction
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Author
Abbreviations
1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Need of Meta-Analysis
1.3 Popularity of Meta-Analysis
1.4 Guidelines and Checklists
1.5 Steps Involved
1.6 Available Software
1.7 Conclusion
References
2: Systematic Literature Review (SLR)
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Important Points
2.3 Importance of SLR
2.4 Difference Between Narrative and Systematic Literature Review (SLR)
2.5 Protocol Development
2.6 Steps to Perform SLR
2.6.1 Frame Your Objective and Research Questions
2.6.2 Define Eligibility Criteria
2.6.3 Search Strategy
2.6.4 Sorting of Studies
2.6.5 Quality Assessment
2.6.6 Collection of Data
2.6.7 Analysis
2.7 Conclusion
References
3: Quality Assessment of Studies
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Checklists/Scales
3.2.1 Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2)
3.2.2 Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews (ROBIS)
3.2.3 Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM)
3.2.4 Cochrane Risk-of-Bias (RoB 2) Tool
3.2.5 Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP)
3.2.6 Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklists
3.2.7 Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS)
3.2.8 Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) Tool
3.2.9 Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)
3.2.10 Jadad Scale
3.2.11 van Tulder Scale
3.2.12 CCRBT
3.2.13 GRADE
3.2.14 Avoiding Bias in Selecting Studies (AHRQ)
3.2.15 Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE)
3.2.16 Downs and Black Checklist
3.2.17 GRACE Checklists
3.3 Methodological Index for Non-randomised Studies (MINORS)
3.4 Conclusion
References
4: Extraction and Analysis of Data
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Extraction of Data
4.3 Analysis of Data
4.3.1 Weightage to Studies
4.3.2 Selection of Model
4.3.3 Choose an Effect Size
4.3.4 Mean Difference (MD) vs Standardised Mean Difference (SMD)
4.3.5 Response Ratios
4.3.5.1 Effect Sizes Based on Binary Data
4.3.5.1.1 Risk Ratio
4.3.5.1.2 Odds Ratio
4.3.5.1.3 Risk Difference
4.4 Selection of Effect Sizes (Risk Ratio, Odds Ratio, and Risk Difference)
6.2.4 Cochranś Q Test