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Table of Contents
Intro
Contents
Chapter 1: Soil Physical Productivity and Plant Growth
1.1 Plant Growth
1.2 Plant Growth Stages
1.2.1 Seed Dormancy
1.2.2 Germination
1.2.3 Seedling Emergence
1.2.4 Vegetative Phase
1.2.5 Reproductive Phase
1.2.6 Senescence Phase
1.3 Environmental Factors Affecting Plant Growth
1.3.1 Biotic Factors
1.3.2 Abiotic Factors
1.3.2.1 Topography
1.3.2.2 Soil
1.3.2.3 Climatic Factors
1.4 Soil Physical Micro-environment: The Rhizosphere
1.5 Soil Physical Heterogeneity and Root Growth
1.6 Soil Physical Productivity
1.7 Evaluation of Soil Physical Productivity
1.7.1 Qualitative Evaluation of Soil Physical Productivity
1.7.2 Quantitative Evaluation of Soil Physical Productivity
1.7.2.1 Least-Limiting Water Range (LLWR)
1.7.2.2 Tilth Index (TI)
1.7.2.3 Soil Physical Health Index (PI)
1.7.2.4 Soil Physical Quality Index (S)
1.7.2.5 Soil Quality Index (SQI)
1.8 Soil Physical Resilience and Plant Productivity
1.8.1 Soil Resilience
1.8.1.1 Basic Components of Soil Resilience
1.8.1.2 Soil Resilience Processes
1.8.2 Evaluation of Soil Resilience
1.8.3 Factors Affecting Soil Resilience
1.8.4 Significance of Soil Resilience in Agriculture
1.9 Question Bank
1.9.1 Short Questions:
1.9.2 Explain Why?
1.9.3 Fill in the Blanks:
1.9.4 State Whether the Following Statements Are True (T) or False (F):
1.9.5 Multiple Choice Questions:
References
Chapter 2: Soil Water and Plant Growth
2.1 The Role of Water in Plants
2.1.1 Impact of Waterlogging on Plant Growth
2.1.2 Impact of Water Stress on Plant Growth
2.1.2.1 Morphological Effects of Water Stress
2.1.2.2 Physiological Effects of Water Stress
2.1.2.3 Degree of Water Stress and Plant Growth
2.2 Soil-Plant-Water-Atmosphere Relations
2.3 Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC)
2.4 Nutrient-Water Interactions and Plant Growth
2.4.1 Nutrient Transformations and Soil Water Regime
2.4.2 Nutrient Translocation and Soil Water Regime
2.5 Water Extraction Pattern of Crops
2.6 Crop Water Requirement
2.6.1 Crop Water Use (CWU)
2.6.2 Transpiration (T)
2.6.3 Evapotranspiration (ET)
2.6.4 Consumptive Water Use (CU)
2.6.5 Crop Water Requirement (CWR)
2.6.6 Net Water Requirement (NWR)
2.6.7 Gross Water Requirement (GWR)
2.6.8 Total Crop Water Requirement (TWR)
2.6.9 Factors Affecting Crop Water Requirement
2.7 Water-Use Efficiency (WUE)
2.7.1 Hydrological Concept of WUE
2.7.2 Physiological Concept of WUE
2.8 Measurement of Water-Use Efficiency
2.8.1 Direct Measurement of Evapotranspiration (ET)
2.8.1.1 Water Budget Methods
2.8.1.2 Water Vapor Transfer Methods
2.8.2 Indirect Measurement of Evapotranspiration (ET)
2.9 Increasing Water-Use Efficiency (WUE)
2.9.1 Increasing Crop Yields Per Unit of ET
2.9.1.1 Growing Water-Efficient Crops
Contents
Chapter 1: Soil Physical Productivity and Plant Growth
1.1 Plant Growth
1.2 Plant Growth Stages
1.2.1 Seed Dormancy
1.2.2 Germination
1.2.3 Seedling Emergence
1.2.4 Vegetative Phase
1.2.5 Reproductive Phase
1.2.6 Senescence Phase
1.3 Environmental Factors Affecting Plant Growth
1.3.1 Biotic Factors
1.3.2 Abiotic Factors
1.3.2.1 Topography
1.3.2.2 Soil
1.3.2.3 Climatic Factors
1.4 Soil Physical Micro-environment: The Rhizosphere
1.5 Soil Physical Heterogeneity and Root Growth
1.6 Soil Physical Productivity
1.7 Evaluation of Soil Physical Productivity
1.7.1 Qualitative Evaluation of Soil Physical Productivity
1.7.2 Quantitative Evaluation of Soil Physical Productivity
1.7.2.1 Least-Limiting Water Range (LLWR)
1.7.2.2 Tilth Index (TI)
1.7.2.3 Soil Physical Health Index (PI)
1.7.2.4 Soil Physical Quality Index (S)
1.7.2.5 Soil Quality Index (SQI)
1.8 Soil Physical Resilience and Plant Productivity
1.8.1 Soil Resilience
1.8.1.1 Basic Components of Soil Resilience
1.8.1.2 Soil Resilience Processes
1.8.2 Evaluation of Soil Resilience
1.8.3 Factors Affecting Soil Resilience
1.8.4 Significance of Soil Resilience in Agriculture
1.9 Question Bank
1.9.1 Short Questions:
1.9.2 Explain Why?
1.9.3 Fill in the Blanks:
1.9.4 State Whether the Following Statements Are True (T) or False (F):
1.9.5 Multiple Choice Questions:
References
Chapter 2: Soil Water and Plant Growth
2.1 The Role of Water in Plants
2.1.1 Impact of Waterlogging on Plant Growth
2.1.2 Impact of Water Stress on Plant Growth
2.1.2.1 Morphological Effects of Water Stress
2.1.2.2 Physiological Effects of Water Stress
2.1.2.3 Degree of Water Stress and Plant Growth
2.2 Soil-Plant-Water-Atmosphere Relations
2.3 Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum (SPAC)
2.4 Nutrient-Water Interactions and Plant Growth
2.4.1 Nutrient Transformations and Soil Water Regime
2.4.2 Nutrient Translocation and Soil Water Regime
2.5 Water Extraction Pattern of Crops
2.6 Crop Water Requirement
2.6.1 Crop Water Use (CWU)
2.6.2 Transpiration (T)
2.6.3 Evapotranspiration (ET)
2.6.4 Consumptive Water Use (CU)
2.6.5 Crop Water Requirement (CWR)
2.6.6 Net Water Requirement (NWR)
2.6.7 Gross Water Requirement (GWR)
2.6.8 Total Crop Water Requirement (TWR)
2.6.9 Factors Affecting Crop Water Requirement
2.7 Water-Use Efficiency (WUE)
2.7.1 Hydrological Concept of WUE
2.7.2 Physiological Concept of WUE
2.8 Measurement of Water-Use Efficiency
2.8.1 Direct Measurement of Evapotranspiration (ET)
2.8.1.1 Water Budget Methods
2.8.1.2 Water Vapor Transfer Methods
2.8.2 Indirect Measurement of Evapotranspiration (ET)
2.9 Increasing Water-Use Efficiency (WUE)
2.9.1 Increasing Crop Yields Per Unit of ET
2.9.1.1 Growing Water-Efficient Crops