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Table of Contents
Intro
Contents
About the Editors
Contributors
Part I: Introduction to Health Services Research
Chapter 1: Description of Health Services Research
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Scope and Perspective of Health Services Research
1.3 Study Designs and Methods in HSR
1.4 Fields Within Health Services Research
1.5 Health Services Research as a Scientific Field
1.6 Aim and Focus of the Book
References
Chapter 2: Fields of Health Services Research
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Patients' Perspectives
2.2.1 Patients' Self-Management of Disease
2.2.2 Healthcare Utilisation
2.2.3 Patient-Centredness in Interactions with Healthcare Providers
2.2.4 Feedback on Patient Experiences in Healthcare
2.3 Healthcare Providers
2.3.1 Availability of Healthcare Providers
2.3.2 Accessibility of Healthcare Providers
2.3.3 Allocation of Professional Roles
2.3.4 Resilience and Retention of Healthcare Providers
2.4 Organisation of Healthcare
2.4.1 Interprofessional Collaboration
2.4.2 Coordination in Healthcare Institutions
2.4.3 Integrated Care
2.4.4 Coordination in Healthcare Systems
2.5 Healthcare Performance
2.5.1 Practice Variation and Real-World Impact of Interventions
2.5.2 Programmes and Policies to Improve Healthcare
2.6 Conclusion and Perspectives
Recommended Readings
References
Part II: Principles of Health Services Research
Chapter 3: Use of Theories in Health Services Research
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Types of Theories
3.3 Use of Theories in Research
3.4 Choice of Theories
3.5 Conclusion and Perspective
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 4: Scientific Integrity in Health Services Research
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Data Protection and Data Management
4.3 Ethical Approval
4.4 Conflict of Interest and Questionable Research Practices.
4.5 Reporting and Publishing Research
4.6 Mentoring and Authorship in Research Teams
4.7 Conclusion and Perspective
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 5: Presentation of Quantitative Research Findings
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Tables
5.3 Graphs
5.4 Uncertainty
5.5 Conclusion and Perspective
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 6: Dissemination and Utilisation of Research Findings
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Dissemination of Research
6.3 Communication of Research Findings
6.4 Stakeholder Involvement in Research
6.5 Conclusion and Perspective
Recommended Readings
References
Part III: Research Methods in Health Services Research
Chapter 7: Qualitative Research Methods in Health Services Research
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Qualitative Research Design
7.3 Sampling Strategies
7.4 Methods of Data Collection
7.4.1 Individual Interviews
7.4.2 Focus Group Interviews
7.4.3 Observation
7.5 Methods for Data Analysis
7.6 Presenting Results
7.7 Conclusion and Perspectives
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 8: Survey Methods in Health Services Research
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Preparation for a Survey Study
8.3 Study Design, Study Population and Sampling
8.4 Design and Pilot Test the Questionnaire
8.5 Data Collection and Data Management
8.6 Data Analysis and Reporting
8.7 Conclusion and Perspective
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 9: Use of Electronic Patient Records for Health Services Research
9.1 Electronic Patient Records
9.2 Claims Data
9.2.1 Research Questions and Study Designs
9.2.2 Data Material and Measures
9.2.3 Risk of Bias
9.2.4 Data Preparation and Analysis
9.2.5 Practical Aspects
9.2.5.1 Data Security
9.2.5.2 Data Linkage
9.2.5.3 Handling Big Data Sets
9.2.6 Reporting.
9.3 Conclusions and Perspective
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 10: Social Networks Analysis in Health Services Research
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Theories and Concepts
10.3 Study Population and Sampling Methods
10.4 Research on Healthcare Providers' Networks
10.5 Research on Patients' Networks
10.6 Data Analysis in Social Networks Research
10.7 Conclusion and Perspective
Recommended Reading
References
Chapter 11: Development and Validation of Questionnaires in Health Services Research
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Development
11.2.1 Preliminary Aspects
11.2.2 Item Development
11.2.3 Answer Options, Instructions and Layout
11.3 Validation of Measures
11.3.1 Item Selection for (Pre)Final Version
11.3.2 Assessing Validity
11.3.3 Assessing Reliability
11.3.4 Population-Based Measures: Norms/Standardisation
11.3.5 Other Measurement Properties
11.4 Conclusions and Perspective
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 12: Development of Interventions in Health Care
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Stepwise Approaches for Intervention Development
12.3 Use of Evidence and Theory
12.4 Co-design and Stakeholder Involvement
12.5 Pilot and Feasibility Research
12.6 Guidance on Intervention Development
12.7 Conclusions and Perspective
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 13: Process Evaluation in Health Services Research
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Conceptualisation of Interventions
13.3 Fidelity and Adaptation of Interventions
13.4 Sampling and Data Collection
13.5 Data Analysis
13.6 Guidance on Process Evaluation
13.7 Conclusions and Perspective
References
Chapter 14: Outcomes Evaluation in Health Services Research
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Study Designs
14.3 Sampling and Data Collection
14.4 Data Analysis.
14.5 Guidance for Outcomes Evaluation
14.6 Conclusion and Perspective
References
Chapter 15: Economic Evaluation in Health Services Research
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Standard Frameworks for Economic Evaluation
15.3 Building Blocks of an Economic Evaluation
15.4 Measures and Data Collection
15.5 Limitations of the ICER Approach
15.6 Conclusion and Perspective
References
Chapter 16: Systematic Reviews of Health Care Interventions
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Defining a Research Question and Writing a Review Protocol
16.3 Search and Select Studies
16.4 Data Extraction
16.5 Assessment of Risk of Bias and Grading of Certainty
16.6 Synthesis of Studies
16.7 Practical Aspects of Systematic Reviews
16.8 Conclusions and Perspective
References
Part IV: Emerging Topics in Health Services Research
Chapter 17: Novel Interventions for Patient Empowerment
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Training of People to Assess Health Information
17.3 Shared Decision-Making
17.4 Patient Access to Health Records
17.5 Support of Patients' Self-Management
17.6 Patient Involvement in Healthcare Planning
17.7 Conclusions and Perspective
Recommended Reading
References
Chapter 18: Mental Health Reform, Ecological Translation and the Future of Public Mental Healthcare
18.1 Introduction
18.2 From Mental Health Reform to Public Mental Health Provision
18.3 Increasing Impact of Ecological Psychology: Translating Interventions and Services to Daily Life
18.4 Digital Mental Health: Opportunities for Accelerating Ecological Translation in Mental Healthcare
18.5 Current Challenges and Future Developments
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 19: Dynamic Landscapes of Health Professions
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Differentiation and Specialisation Within Healthcare Professions.
19.3 Interprofessional Collaboration and Education in Healthcare
19.4 Healthcare Labour Market: Job Satisfaction and Workforce Mobility
19.5 Conclusion and Perspective
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 20: Community Pharmacies as Healthcare Providers: New Developments in Medication Management and the Role of Information Technology
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Community Pharmacy as an Important Pillar in Primary Healthcare
20.3 Prerequisites for Medication Reviews and Management
20.4 Potential Role of Information Technology (IT) in Fostering Medication Management
20.5 Conclusion
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 21: Continuity of Care: New Approaches to a Classic Topic of Health Services Research
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Patients' and Relatives' Perspectives on Continuity of Care
21.3 Strategies to Enhance Continuity of Care
21.4 New Developments Regarding Continuity of Care in Health Services Research
21.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 22: Access to Continuity and Coordination of Healthcare for Refugees: Emerging Challenges and Topics for Health Services Research
22.1 Health Services Research and Refugees
22.2 Barriers in Access to Health Services for Refugees
22.3 Continuity and Coordination of Healthcare for Refugees
22.3.1 Lack of Continuity and Coordination of Care
22.3.2 Interventions to Improve Continuity and Coordination of Care
22.4 Further Research Needs and Conclusions
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 23: Digital Technology for Information and Communication in Healthcare
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Healthcare System-Related Conditions
23.2.1 Political and Cultural Factors
23.2.2 Financial and Organisational Factors
23.2.3 Attitudes and Skills of Users.
Contents
About the Editors
Contributors
Part I: Introduction to Health Services Research
Chapter 1: Description of Health Services Research
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Scope and Perspective of Health Services Research
1.3 Study Designs and Methods in HSR
1.4 Fields Within Health Services Research
1.5 Health Services Research as a Scientific Field
1.6 Aim and Focus of the Book
References
Chapter 2: Fields of Health Services Research
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Patients' Perspectives
2.2.1 Patients' Self-Management of Disease
2.2.2 Healthcare Utilisation
2.2.3 Patient-Centredness in Interactions with Healthcare Providers
2.2.4 Feedback on Patient Experiences in Healthcare
2.3 Healthcare Providers
2.3.1 Availability of Healthcare Providers
2.3.2 Accessibility of Healthcare Providers
2.3.3 Allocation of Professional Roles
2.3.4 Resilience and Retention of Healthcare Providers
2.4 Organisation of Healthcare
2.4.1 Interprofessional Collaboration
2.4.2 Coordination in Healthcare Institutions
2.4.3 Integrated Care
2.4.4 Coordination in Healthcare Systems
2.5 Healthcare Performance
2.5.1 Practice Variation and Real-World Impact of Interventions
2.5.2 Programmes and Policies to Improve Healthcare
2.6 Conclusion and Perspectives
Recommended Readings
References
Part II: Principles of Health Services Research
Chapter 3: Use of Theories in Health Services Research
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Types of Theories
3.3 Use of Theories in Research
3.4 Choice of Theories
3.5 Conclusion and Perspective
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 4: Scientific Integrity in Health Services Research
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Data Protection and Data Management
4.3 Ethical Approval
4.4 Conflict of Interest and Questionable Research Practices.
4.5 Reporting and Publishing Research
4.6 Mentoring and Authorship in Research Teams
4.7 Conclusion and Perspective
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 5: Presentation of Quantitative Research Findings
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Tables
5.3 Graphs
5.4 Uncertainty
5.5 Conclusion and Perspective
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 6: Dissemination and Utilisation of Research Findings
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Dissemination of Research
6.3 Communication of Research Findings
6.4 Stakeholder Involvement in Research
6.5 Conclusion and Perspective
Recommended Readings
References
Part III: Research Methods in Health Services Research
Chapter 7: Qualitative Research Methods in Health Services Research
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Qualitative Research Design
7.3 Sampling Strategies
7.4 Methods of Data Collection
7.4.1 Individual Interviews
7.4.2 Focus Group Interviews
7.4.3 Observation
7.5 Methods for Data Analysis
7.6 Presenting Results
7.7 Conclusion and Perspectives
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 8: Survey Methods in Health Services Research
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Preparation for a Survey Study
8.3 Study Design, Study Population and Sampling
8.4 Design and Pilot Test the Questionnaire
8.5 Data Collection and Data Management
8.6 Data Analysis and Reporting
8.7 Conclusion and Perspective
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 9: Use of Electronic Patient Records for Health Services Research
9.1 Electronic Patient Records
9.2 Claims Data
9.2.1 Research Questions and Study Designs
9.2.2 Data Material and Measures
9.2.3 Risk of Bias
9.2.4 Data Preparation and Analysis
9.2.5 Practical Aspects
9.2.5.1 Data Security
9.2.5.2 Data Linkage
9.2.5.3 Handling Big Data Sets
9.2.6 Reporting.
9.3 Conclusions and Perspective
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 10: Social Networks Analysis in Health Services Research
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Theories and Concepts
10.3 Study Population and Sampling Methods
10.4 Research on Healthcare Providers' Networks
10.5 Research on Patients' Networks
10.6 Data Analysis in Social Networks Research
10.7 Conclusion and Perspective
Recommended Reading
References
Chapter 11: Development and Validation of Questionnaires in Health Services Research
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Development
11.2.1 Preliminary Aspects
11.2.2 Item Development
11.2.3 Answer Options, Instructions and Layout
11.3 Validation of Measures
11.3.1 Item Selection for (Pre)Final Version
11.3.2 Assessing Validity
11.3.3 Assessing Reliability
11.3.4 Population-Based Measures: Norms/Standardisation
11.3.5 Other Measurement Properties
11.4 Conclusions and Perspective
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 12: Development of Interventions in Health Care
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Stepwise Approaches for Intervention Development
12.3 Use of Evidence and Theory
12.4 Co-design and Stakeholder Involvement
12.5 Pilot and Feasibility Research
12.6 Guidance on Intervention Development
12.7 Conclusions and Perspective
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 13: Process Evaluation in Health Services Research
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Conceptualisation of Interventions
13.3 Fidelity and Adaptation of Interventions
13.4 Sampling and Data Collection
13.5 Data Analysis
13.6 Guidance on Process Evaluation
13.7 Conclusions and Perspective
References
Chapter 14: Outcomes Evaluation in Health Services Research
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Study Designs
14.3 Sampling and Data Collection
14.4 Data Analysis.
14.5 Guidance for Outcomes Evaluation
14.6 Conclusion and Perspective
References
Chapter 15: Economic Evaluation in Health Services Research
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Standard Frameworks for Economic Evaluation
15.3 Building Blocks of an Economic Evaluation
15.4 Measures and Data Collection
15.5 Limitations of the ICER Approach
15.6 Conclusion and Perspective
References
Chapter 16: Systematic Reviews of Health Care Interventions
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Defining a Research Question and Writing a Review Protocol
16.3 Search and Select Studies
16.4 Data Extraction
16.5 Assessment of Risk of Bias and Grading of Certainty
16.6 Synthesis of Studies
16.7 Practical Aspects of Systematic Reviews
16.8 Conclusions and Perspective
References
Part IV: Emerging Topics in Health Services Research
Chapter 17: Novel Interventions for Patient Empowerment
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Training of People to Assess Health Information
17.3 Shared Decision-Making
17.4 Patient Access to Health Records
17.5 Support of Patients' Self-Management
17.6 Patient Involvement in Healthcare Planning
17.7 Conclusions and Perspective
Recommended Reading
References
Chapter 18: Mental Health Reform, Ecological Translation and the Future of Public Mental Healthcare
18.1 Introduction
18.2 From Mental Health Reform to Public Mental Health Provision
18.3 Increasing Impact of Ecological Psychology: Translating Interventions and Services to Daily Life
18.4 Digital Mental Health: Opportunities for Accelerating Ecological Translation in Mental Healthcare
18.5 Current Challenges and Future Developments
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 19: Dynamic Landscapes of Health Professions
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Differentiation and Specialisation Within Healthcare Professions.
19.3 Interprofessional Collaboration and Education in Healthcare
19.4 Healthcare Labour Market: Job Satisfaction and Workforce Mobility
19.5 Conclusion and Perspective
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 20: Community Pharmacies as Healthcare Providers: New Developments in Medication Management and the Role of Information Technology
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Community Pharmacy as an Important Pillar in Primary Healthcare
20.3 Prerequisites for Medication Reviews and Management
20.4 Potential Role of Information Technology (IT) in Fostering Medication Management
20.5 Conclusion
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 21: Continuity of Care: New Approaches to a Classic Topic of Health Services Research
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Patients' and Relatives' Perspectives on Continuity of Care
21.3 Strategies to Enhance Continuity of Care
21.4 New Developments Regarding Continuity of Care in Health Services Research
21.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 22: Access to Continuity and Coordination of Healthcare for Refugees: Emerging Challenges and Topics for Health Services Research
22.1 Health Services Research and Refugees
22.2 Barriers in Access to Health Services for Refugees
22.3 Continuity and Coordination of Healthcare for Refugees
22.3.1 Lack of Continuity and Coordination of Care
22.3.2 Interventions to Improve Continuity and Coordination of Care
22.4 Further Research Needs and Conclusions
Recommended Readings
References
Chapter 23: Digital Technology for Information and Communication in Healthcare
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Healthcare System-Related Conditions
23.2.1 Political and Cultural Factors
23.2.2 Financial and Organisational Factors
23.2.3 Attitudes and Skills of Users.