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Table of Contents
Preface; Contents; About the Editor; Part I: Biomedicine; Role of Bacteria in Nanocompound Formation and Their Application in Medical; 1 Introduction; 2 Role of Bacteria in Nanocompound Formation; 2.1 Intracellular Biosynthesis; 2.2 Extracellular Biosynthesis; 2.3 Synthesis of Metal Nanocompounds; 2.3.1 Synthesis of Silver NPs (AgNPs); 2.3.2 Synthesis of Gold NPs (AuNPs); 2.3.3 Synthesis of Copper NPs (CuNPs); 2.3.4 Synthesis of Magnetic NPs (MNPs); 2.3.5 Synthesis of Quantum Dots (QDs); 3 Factors Affecting NP Synthesis by Microbes; 3.1 Age and Concentration of the Microbial Cell Culture.
3.2 Concentration of Metal Salt/Substrate Used3.3 pH; 3.4 Temperature; 3.5 Incubation Time; 4 Mechanism of Nanocompound Formation by Microbes; 4.1 Mechanism for the Synthesis of AgNPs by Bacteria; 4.2 Mechanism of Synthesis of AuNPs by Microbes; 4.3 Mechanistic Action of Microbial Synthesis of CuNPs; 4.4 Mechanism of MNPs; 4.5 Mechanism of Synthesis of Quantum Dots; 5 Multi-scale Characterization of Nanocompounds; 5.1 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM); 5.2 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM); 5.3 Atomic Force Microscope (AFM); 5.4 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS); 5.5 UV-Vis Spectroscopy.
5.6 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)6 Medical Applications of Nanocompounds; 6.1 Antimicrobial Activity; 6.2 Imaging for Diagnostics; 6.2.1 Imaging for Disease Diagnostics; 6.2.2 Imaging for Cancer Detection; 6.3 Therapy; 6.3.1 Cancer Treatment; 6.3.2 Disease Treatment; 6.3.3 Radiotherapy; 6.4 Theranostics; 7 Conclusions; 8 Future Perspectives; References; Microbial Source of Melatonin and Its Clinical Aspects; 1 Introduction; 2 Melatonin Production in Different Microorganisms; 3 Synthesis and Regulation of Melatonin; 4 Functions of Melatonin.
4.1 Association of Melatonin with Cancer4.2 Antibacterial Property of Melatonin; 4.3 Antifungal Property of Melatonin; 4.4 Melatonin in Reproduction; 4.5 Antiviral Activity of Melatonin; 5 Conclusion; References; Major Source of Marine Actinobacteria and Its Biomedical Application; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Actinobacteria; 2 Actinobacteria Associated with Marine Flora and Fauna; 2.1 Actinobacteria Associated with Marine Flora; 2.1.1 Mangroves, Seagrasses, and Seaweeds; 2.2 Marine Fauna; 2.2.1 Ascidians and Mollusks; 2.2.2 Corals, Sponges, and Fish.
3 Biomedical Application of Compounds Isolated from Marine Actinobacteria3.1 Cancer; 3.2 Antibacterial and Antifungal; 3.3 Antimalaria, Anti-inflammatory, Antifouling, etc.; 4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives; References; Antimycobacterial Agents: To Target or Not to Target; 1 Introduction; 2 Existing Treatment Regime; 2.1 Drug-Sensitive TB; 2.2 Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) TB; 2.3 Extremely Drug-Resistant (XDR) and Totally Drug-Resistant (TDR) TB; 3 Mechanism of Action; 3.1 First-Line Drugs; 3.1.1 Isoniazid; 3.1.2 Rifampicin; 3.1.3 Ethambutol; 3.1.4 Streptomycin; 3.1.5 Pyrazinamide.
3.2 Concentration of Metal Salt/Substrate Used3.3 pH; 3.4 Temperature; 3.5 Incubation Time; 4 Mechanism of Nanocompound Formation by Microbes; 4.1 Mechanism for the Synthesis of AgNPs by Bacteria; 4.2 Mechanism of Synthesis of AuNPs by Microbes; 4.3 Mechanistic Action of Microbial Synthesis of CuNPs; 4.4 Mechanism of MNPs; 4.5 Mechanism of Synthesis of Quantum Dots; 5 Multi-scale Characterization of Nanocompounds; 5.1 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM); 5.2 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM); 5.3 Atomic Force Microscope (AFM); 5.4 Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS); 5.5 UV-Vis Spectroscopy.
5.6 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)6 Medical Applications of Nanocompounds; 6.1 Antimicrobial Activity; 6.2 Imaging for Diagnostics; 6.2.1 Imaging for Disease Diagnostics; 6.2.2 Imaging for Cancer Detection; 6.3 Therapy; 6.3.1 Cancer Treatment; 6.3.2 Disease Treatment; 6.3.3 Radiotherapy; 6.4 Theranostics; 7 Conclusions; 8 Future Perspectives; References; Microbial Source of Melatonin and Its Clinical Aspects; 1 Introduction; 2 Melatonin Production in Different Microorganisms; 3 Synthesis and Regulation of Melatonin; 4 Functions of Melatonin.
4.1 Association of Melatonin with Cancer4.2 Antibacterial Property of Melatonin; 4.3 Antifungal Property of Melatonin; 4.4 Melatonin in Reproduction; 4.5 Antiviral Activity of Melatonin; 5 Conclusion; References; Major Source of Marine Actinobacteria and Its Biomedical Application; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Actinobacteria; 2 Actinobacteria Associated with Marine Flora and Fauna; 2.1 Actinobacteria Associated with Marine Flora; 2.1.1 Mangroves, Seagrasses, and Seaweeds; 2.2 Marine Fauna; 2.2.1 Ascidians and Mollusks; 2.2.2 Corals, Sponges, and Fish.
3 Biomedical Application of Compounds Isolated from Marine Actinobacteria3.1 Cancer; 3.2 Antibacterial and Antifungal; 3.3 Antimalaria, Anti-inflammatory, Antifouling, etc.; 4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives; References; Antimycobacterial Agents: To Target or Not to Target; 1 Introduction; 2 Existing Treatment Regime; 2.1 Drug-Sensitive TB; 2.2 Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) TB; 2.3 Extremely Drug-Resistant (XDR) and Totally Drug-Resistant (TDR) TB; 3 Mechanism of Action; 3.1 First-Line Drugs; 3.1.1 Isoniazid; 3.1.2 Rifampicin; 3.1.3 Ethambutol; 3.1.4 Streptomycin; 3.1.5 Pyrazinamide.