001479105 000__ 07595nam\a22010815i\4500 001479105 001__ 1479105 001479105 003__ DE-B1597 001479105 005__ 20231102065200.0 001479105 006__ m\\\\\o\\d\\\\\\\\ 001479105 007__ cr\un\nnnunnun 001479105 008__ 190708s2012\\\\mau\\\\\o\\d\z\\\\\\eng\d 001479105 020__ $$a9780674065260 001479105 0247_ $$a10.4159/harvard.9780674065260$$2doi 001479105 035__ $$a(DE-B1597)178195 001479105 035__ $$a(OCoLC)1013947582 001479105 035__ $$a(OCoLC)840440552 001479105 040__ $$aDE-B1597$$beng$$cDE-B1597$$erda 001479105 0410_ $$aeng 001479105 044__ $$amau$$cUS-MA 001479105 050_4 $$aUG447.8$$b.L45 2012 001479105 072_7 $$aHIS027080$$2bisacsh 001479105 08204 $$a358/.3882094709045$$223 001479105 1001_ $$aLeitenberg, Milton,$$eauthor. 001479105 24514 $$aThe Soviet Biological Weapons Program :$$bA History /$$cMilton Leitenberg, Raymond A Zilinskas, Jens H Kuhn. 001479105 264_1 $$aCambridge, MA :$$bHarvard University Press,$$c[2012] 001479105 264_4 $$c©2012 001479105 300__ $$a1 online resource :$$b28 halftones, 6 line illustrations, 20 tables 001479105 336__ $$atext$$btxt$$2rdacontent 001479105 337__ $$acomputer$$bc$$2rdamedia 001479105 338__ $$aonline resource$$bcr$$2rdacarrier 001479105 347__ $$atext file$$bPDF$$2rda 001479105 50500 $$tFrontmatter --$$tContents --$$tPreface --$$tNote on Transliteration --$$tIntroduction --$$t1. The Soviet Union's Biological Warfare Program, 1918- 1972 --$$t2. Beginnings of the "Modern" Soviet BW program, 1970- 1977 --$$t3. USSR Ministry of Defense Facilities and its Biological Warfare Program --$$t4. Open-Air Testing of Biological Weapons by Aralsk-7 on Vozrozhdeniye Island --$$t5. Soviet Civilian Sector Defenses against Biological Warfare and Infectious Diseases --$$t6. Biopreparat's Role in the Soviet Biological Warfare Program and Its Survival in Russia --$$t7. Biopreparat's State Research Center for Applied Microbiology (SRCAM) --$$t8. All-Union Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Scientific-Production Association "Vector" --$$t9. Biopreparat Facilities at Leningrad, Lyubuchany, and Stepnogorsk --$$t10. Soviet Biological Weapons and Doctrines for Their Use --$$t11. Distinguishing between Offensive and Defensive Biological Warfare Activities --$$t12. Assessments of Soviet Biological Warfare Activities by Western Intelligence Services --$$t13. United States Covert Biological Warfare Disinformation --$$t14. Soviet Allegations of the Use of Biological Weapons by the United States --$$t15. Sverdlovsk 1979: The Release of Bacillus anthracis Spores from a Soviet Ministry of Defense Facility and Its Consequences --$$t16. Soviet Research on Mycotoxins --$$t17. Assistance by Warsaw Pact States to the Soviet Union's Biological Warfare Program --$$t18. Th e Question of Proliferation from the USSR Biological Warfare Program --$$t19. Recalcitrant Rus sian Policies in a Parallel Area: Chemical Weapon Demilitarization --$$t20. The Soviet Union, Russia, and Biological Warfare Arms Control --$$t21. The Gorbachev Years: The Soviet Biological Weapons Program, 1985- 1992 --$$t22. Boris Yeltsin to the Present --$$t23. United States and International Efforts to Prevent Proliferation of Biological Weapons Expertise from the Former Soviet Union --$$tConclusion --$$tAnnex A. Annex B. Annex C. Annex D. Notes. Acknowledgments. Index --$$tAnnex A: Acronyms and Russian Terms --$$tAnnex B: Glossary of Biological Warfare-Related Words and Terms --$$tAnnex C: A Joint Decree of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, USSR, and the USSR Council of Ministers, Dated 24 June 1981 --$$tAnnex D: Joint US/UK/Rus sian Statement of Biological Weapons --$$tNotes --$$tAcknowledgments --$$tIndex 001479105 506__ $$aAccess limited to authorized users. 001479105 520__ $$aRussian officials claim today that the USSR never possessed an offensive biological weapons program. In fact, the Soviet government spent billions of rubles and hard currency to fund hugely expensive research that added nothing to the country's security. This history is the first attempt to understand the full scope of the USSR's offensive biological weapons research-its inception in the 1920s, its growth between 1970 and 1980, and its possible remnants in present-day Russia. We learn that between 1990 and 1992 the U.S. and U.K. governments never obtained clear evidence of the program's closure, raising the haunting question whether the means for waging biological warfare could be resurrected in Russia today.Based on interviews with important Soviet scientists and managers, papers from the Soviet Central Committee, and U.S. and U.K. declassified documents, this book peels back layers of lies, to reveal how and why Soviet leaders decided to develop biological weapons, the scientific resources they dedicated to this task, and the multitude of research institutes that applied themselves to its fulfillment. We learn that Biopreparat, an ostensibly civilian organization, was established to manage a top secret program, code-named Ferment, whose objective was to apply genetic engineering to develop strains of pathogenic agents that had never existed in nature. Leitenberg and Zilinskas consider the performance of the U.S. intelligence community in discovering and assessing these activities, and they examine in detail the crucial years 1985 to 1992, when Mikhail Gorbachev's attempts to put an end to the program were thwarted. 001479105 538__ $$aMode of access: Internet via World Wide Web. 001479105 546__ $$aIn English. 001479105 5880_ $$aDescription based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 08. Jul 2019) 001479105 650_0 $$aBiological arms control$$zSoviet Union$$xHistory. 001479105 650_0 $$aBiological warfare$$zSoviet Union$$xHistory. 001479105 650_0 $$aBiological weapons$$zSoviet Union$$xHistory. 001479105 650_7 $$aHISTORY / Military / Weapons.$$2bisacsh 001479105 655_0 $$aElectronic books 001479105 7001_ $$aKuhn, Jens H,$$eauthor. 001479105 7001_ $$aZilinskas, Raymond A,$$eauthor. 001479105 77308 $$iTitle is part of eBook package:$$dDe Gruyter$$tE-BOOK GESAMTPAKET / COMPLETE PACKAGE 2012$$z9783110288995$$oZDB-23-DGG 001479105 77308 $$iTitle is part of eBook package:$$dDe Gruyter$$tE-BOOK PACKAGE HISTORY; POLITICAL SCIENCE, SOCIOLOGY 2012$$z9783110293715 001479105 77308 $$iTitle is part of eBook package:$$dDe Gruyter$$tE-BOOK PAKET GESCHICHTE, POLITIKWISS., SOZIOLOGIE 2012$$z9783110288971$$oZDB-23-DPS 001479105 77308 $$iTitle is part of eBook package:$$dDe Gruyter$$tHUP Complete eBook Package 2011-2014$$z9783110374889 001479105 77308 $$iTitle is part of eBook package:$$dDe Gruyter$$tHUP eBook Package 2012$$z9783110374919 001479105 77308 $$iTitle is part of eBook package:$$dDe Gruyter$$tHUP eBook Package Backlist 2000-2013$$z9783110442205 001479105 77308 $$iTitle is part of eBook package:$$dDe Gruyter$$tHUP eBook Package Backlist 2000-2014$$z9783110459517 001479105 77308 $$iTitle is part of eBook package:$$dDe Gruyter$$tHUP eBook Package Backlist 2000-2015$$z9783110662566 001479105 852__ $$bebk 001479105 85640 $$3De Gruyter$$uhttps://univsouthin.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://univsouthin.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780674065260$$zOnline Access 001479105 909CO $$ooai:library.usi.edu:1479105$$pGLOBAL_SET 001479105 912__ $$a978-3-11-029371-5 E-BOOK PACKAGE HISTORY; POLITICAL SCIENCE, SOCIOLOGY 2012$$b2012 001479105 912__ $$a978-3-11-037488-9 HUP Complete eBook Package 2011-2014 001479105 912__ $$a978-3-11-037491-9 HUP eBook Package 2012$$b2012 001479105 912__ $$a978-3-11-044220-5 HUP eBook Package Backlist 2005-2013$$c2000$$d2013 001479105 912__ $$a978-3-11-045951-7 HUP eBook Package Backlist 2000-2014$$c2000$$d2014 001479105 912__ $$a978-3-11-066256-6 HUP eBook Package Backlist 2000-2015 001479105 912__ $$aEBA_BACKALL 001479105 912__ $$aEBA_CL_HICS 001479105 912__ $$aEBA_EBACKALL 001479105 912__ $$aEBA_EBKALL 001479105 912__ $$aEBA_ECL_HICS 001479105 912__ $$aEBA_EEBKALL 001479105 912__ $$aEBA_ESSHALL 001479105 912__ $$aEBA_PPALL 001479105 912__ $$aEBA_SSHALL 001479105 912__ $$aGBV-deGruyter-alles 001479105 912__ $$aPDA11SSHE 001479105 912__ $$aPDA13ENGE 001479105 912__ $$aPDA14ALL 001479105 912__ $$aPDA16SSH 001479105 912__ $$aPDA17SSHEE 001479105 912__ $$aPDA1ALL 001479105 912__ $$aPDA2 001479105 912__ $$aPDA2HUM 001479105 912__ $$aPDA5EBK 001479105 912__ $$aPDA7ENG 001479105 912__ $$aPDA8HUP 001479105 912__ $$aZDB-23-DGG$$b2012 001479105 912__ $$aZDB-23-DPS$$b2012 001479105 980__ $$aBIB 001479105 980__ $$aEBOOK 001479105 982__ $$aEbook 001479105 983__ $$aOnline