001479116 000__ 06258nam\a22009375i\4500 001479116 001__ 1479116 001479116 003__ DE-B1597 001479116 005__ 20231026035012.0 001479116 006__ m\\\\\o\\d\\\\\\\\ 001479116 007__ cr\un\nnnunnun 001479116 008__ 210830t20122012mau\\\\\o\\d\z\\\\\\eng\d 001479116 019__ $$a(OCoLC)979575157 001479116 020__ $$a9780674065390 001479116 0247_ $$a10.4159/harvard.9780674065390$$2doi 001479116 035__ $$a(DE-B1597)178207 001479116 035__ $$a(OCoLC)835374469 001479116 040__ $$aDE-B1597$$beng$$cDE-B1597$$erda 001479116 0410_ $$aeng 001479116 044__ $$amau$$cUS-MA 001479116 072_7 $$aBUS068000$$2bisacsh 001479116 1001_ $$aNee, Victor, $$eauthor.$$4aut$$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut 001479116 24510 $$aCapitalism from Below :$$bMarkets and Institutional Change in China /$$cSonja Opper, Victor Nee. 001479116 264_1 $$aCambridge, MA : $$bHarvard University Press, $$c[2012] 001479116 264_4 $$c©2012 001479116 300__ $$a1 online resource (360 p.) :$$b5 line illustrations, 2 maps, 15 graphs, 29 tables 001479116 336__ $$atext$$btxt$$2rdacontent 001479116 337__ $$acomputer$$bc$$2rdamedia 001479116 338__ $$aonline resource$$bcr$$2rdacarrier 001479116 347__ $$atext file$$bPDF$$2rda 001479116 50500 $$tFrontmatter -- $$tContents -- $$tFigures and Tables -- $$tAcknowledgments -- $$t1. Where Do Economic Institutions Come From? -- $$t2. Markets and Endogenous Institutional Change -- $$t3. The Epicenter of Bottom-Up Capitalism -- $$t4. Entrepreneurs and Institutional Innovation -- $$t5. Legitimacy and Organizational Change -- $$t6. Industrial Clusters and Competitive Advantage -- $$t7. The Development of Labor Markets -- $$t8. Institutions of Innovation -- $$t9. Political Economy of Capitalism -- $$t10. Conclusion -- $$tAPPENDIX 1. Firm Surveys -- $$tAPPENDIX 2. List of Interviewees -- $$tNotes -- $$tReferences -- $$tIndex 001479116 506__ $$aAccess limited to authorized users. 001479116 520__ $$aMore than 630 million Chinese have escaped poverty since the 1980s, reducing the fraction remaining from 82 to 10 percent of the population. This astonishing decline in poverty, the largest in history, coincided with the rapid growth of a private enterprise economy. Yet private enterprise in China emerged in spite of impediments set up by the Chinese government. How did private enterprise overcome these initial obstacles, to become the engine of China's economic miracle? Where did capitalism come from?Studying over 700 manufacturing firms in the Yangzi region, Victor Nee and Sonja Opper argue that China's private enterprise economy bubbled up from below. Through trial and error, entrepreneurs devised institutional innovations that enabled them to decouple from the established economic order to start up and grow small, private manufacturing firms. Barriers to entry motivated them to build their own networks of suppliers and distributors, and to develop competitive advantage in self-organized industrial clusters. Close-knit groups of like-minded people participated in the emergence of private enterprise by offering financing and establishing reliable business norms. This rapidly growing private enterprise economy diffused throughout the coastal regions of China and, passing through a series of tipping points, eroded the market share of state-owned firms. Only after this fledgling economy emerged as a dynamic engine of economic growth, wealth creation, and manufacturing jobs did the political elite legitimize it as a way to jump-start China's market society. Today, this private enterprise economy is one of the greatest success stories in the history of capitalism. 001479116 538__ $$aMode of access: Internet via World Wide Web. 001479116 546__ $$aIn English. 001479116 5880_ $$aDescription based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 30. Aug 2021) 001479116 650_7 $$aBUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Development / Economic Development.$$2bisacsh 001479116 655_0 $$aElectronic books 001479116 7001_ $$aOpper, Sonja, $$eauthor.$$4aut$$4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut 001479116 77308 $$iTitle is part of eBook package:$$dDe Gruyter$$tAsian Studies Backlist (2000-2014) eBook Package$$z9783110649772 001479116 77308 $$iTitle is part of eBook package:$$dDe Gruyter$$tE-BOOK GESAMTPAKET / COMPLETE PACKAGE 2012$$z9783110288995$$oZDB-23-DGG 001479116 77308 $$iTitle is part of eBook package:$$dDe Gruyter$$tE-BOOK PACKAGE LAW 2012$$z9783110293814 001479116 77308 $$iTitle is part of eBook package:$$dDe Gruyter$$tE-BOOK PAKET RECHTSWISSENSCHAFTEN 2012$$z9783110288919$$oZDB-23-DGC 001479116 77308 $$iTitle is part of eBook package:$$dDe Gruyter$$tHUP eBook-Package Backlist 2000-2013 (Canada)$$z9783110756067 001479116 77308 $$iTitle is part of eBook package:$$dDe Gruyter$$tHarvard University Press eBook Package Backlist 2000-2013$$z9783110442205 001479116 852__ $$bebk 001479116 85640 $$3De Gruyter$$uhttps://univsouthin.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780674065390$$zOnline Access 001479116 909CO $$ooai:library.usi.edu:1479116$$pGLOBAL_SET 001479116 912__ $$a978-3-11-029381-4 E-BOOK PACKAGE LAW 2012$$b2012 001479116 912__ $$a978-3-11-044220-5 Harvard University Press eBook Package Backlist 2000-2013$$c2000$$d2013 001479116 912__ $$a978-3-11-064977-2 Asian Studies Backlist (2000-2014) eBook Package$$c2000$$d2014 001479116 912__ $$a978-3-11-075606-7 HUP eBook-Package Backlist 2000-2013 (Canada)$$b2013 001479116 912__ $$aEBA_BACKALL 001479116 912__ $$aEBA_CL_LAEC 001479116 912__ $$aEBA_EBACKALL 001479116 912__ $$aEBA_EBKALL 001479116 912__ $$aEBA_ECL_LAEC 001479116 912__ $$aEBA_EEBKALL 001479116 912__ $$aEBA_ESSHALL 001479116 912__ $$aEBA_ESTMALL 001479116 912__ $$aEBA_PPALL 001479116 912__ $$aEBA_SSHALL 001479116 912__ $$aEBA_STMALL 001479116 912__ $$aGBV-deGruyter-alles 001479116 912__ $$aPDA11SSHE 001479116 912__ $$aPDA12STME 001479116 912__ $$aPDA13ENGE 001479116 912__ $$aPDA17SSHEE 001479116 912__ $$aPDA18STMEE 001479116 912__ $$aPDA5EBK 001479116 912__ $$aZDB-23-DGC$$b2012 001479116 912__ $$aZDB-23-DGG$$b2012 001479116 980__ $$aBIB 001479116 980__ $$aEBOOK 001479116 982__ $$aEbook 001479116 983__ $$aOnline