@article{1479142,
      recid = {1479142},
      author = {Mamdani, Mahmood, },
      title = {Define and Rule : Native as Political Identity /},
      pages = {1 online resource (160 p.)},
      abstract = {Define and Rule focuses on the turn in late  nineteenth-century colonial statecraft when Britain  abandoned the attempt to eradicate difference between  conqueror and conquered and introduced a new idea of  governance, as the definition and management of difference.  Mahmood Mamdani explores how lines were drawn between  settler and native as distinct political identities, and  between natives according to tribe. Out of that colonial  experience issued a modern language of pluralism and  difference. A mid-nineteenth-century crisis of empire  attracted the attention of British intellectuals and led to  a reconception of the colonial mission, and to reforms in  India, British Malaya, and the Dutch East Indies. The new  politics, inspired by Sir Henry Maine, established that  natives were bound by geography and custom, rather than  history and law, and made this the basis of administrative  practice. Maine's theories were later translated into  "native administration" in the African colonies. Mamdani  takes the case of Sudan to demonstrate how colonial law  established tribal identity as the basis for determining  access to land and political power, and follows this law's  legacy to contemporary Darfur. He considers the  intellectual and political dimensions of African movements  toward decolonization by focusing on two key figures: the  Nigerian historian Yusuf Bala Usman, who argued for an  alternative to colonial historiography, and Tanzania's  first president, Mwalimu Julius Nyerere, who realized that  colonialism's political logic was legal and administrative,  not military, and could be dismantled through nonviolent  reforms.},
      url = {http://library.usi.edu/record/1479142},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674067356},
}