TY  - GEN
N2  - Written tests to evaluate students were a radical and controversial innovation when American educators began adopting them in the 1800s. Testing quickly became a key factor in the political battles during this period that gave birth to America's modern public school system. William J. Reese offers a richly detailed history of an educational revolution that has so far been only partially told. Single-classroom schools were the norm throughout the United States at the turn of the nineteenth century. Pupils demonstrated their knowledge by rote recitation of lessons and were often assessed according to criteria of behavior and discipline having little to do with academics. Convinced of the inadequacy of this system, the reformer Horace Mann and allies on the Boston School Committee crafted America's first written exam and administered it as a surprise in local schools in 1845. The embarrassingly poor results became front-page news and led to the first serious consideration of tests as a useful pedagogic tool and objective measure of student achievement. A generation after Mann's experiment, testing had become widespread. Despite critics' ongoing claims that exams narrowed the curriculum, ruined children's health, and turned teachers into automatons, once tests took root in American schools their legitimacy was never seriously challenged. Testing Wars in the Public Schools puts contemporary battles over scholastic standards and benchmarks into perspective by showcasing the historic successes and limitations of the pencil-and-paper exam.
DO  - 10.4159/harvard.9780674075672
DO  - doi
AB  - Written tests to evaluate students were a radical and controversial innovation when American educators began adopting them in the 1800s. Testing quickly became a key factor in the political battles during this period that gave birth to America's modern public school system. William J. Reese offers a richly detailed history of an educational revolution that has so far been only partially told. Single-classroom schools were the norm throughout the United States at the turn of the nineteenth century. Pupils demonstrated their knowledge by rote recitation of lessons and were often assessed according to criteria of behavior and discipline having little to do with academics. Convinced of the inadequacy of this system, the reformer Horace Mann and allies on the Boston School Committee crafted America's first written exam and administered it as a surprise in local schools in 1845. The embarrassingly poor results became front-page news and led to the first serious consideration of tests as a useful pedagogic tool and objective measure of student achievement. A generation after Mann's experiment, testing had become widespread. Despite critics' ongoing claims that exams narrowed the curriculum, ruined children's health, and turned teachers into automatons, once tests took root in American schools their legitimacy was never seriously challenged. Testing Wars in the Public Schools puts contemporary battles over scholastic standards and benchmarks into perspective by showcasing the historic successes and limitations of the pencil-and-paper exam.
T1  - Testing Wars in the Public Schools :A Forgotten History /
AU  - Reese, William J.,
JF  - E-BOOK GESAMTPAKET / COMPLETE PACKAGE 2013
JF  - E-BOOK PACKAGE HISTORY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, SOCIOLOGY  2013
JF  - E-BOOK PAKET GESCHICHTE, POLITIKWISS., SOZIOLOGIE  2013
JF  - HUP Complete eBook Package 2011-2014
JF  - HUP eBook Package 2013
JF  - HUP eBook Package Backlist 2000-2013
JF  - HUP eBook Package Backlist 2000-2014
JF  - HUP eBook Package Backlist 2000-2015
EP  - ZDB-23-DGG
EP  - ZDB-23-DPS
CN  - LB3051
LA  - eng
LA  - In English.
ID  - 1479238
KW  - Educational tests and measurements
KW  - Public schools
KW  - EDUCATION / Educational Policy & Reform / General.
KW  - EDUCATION / Testing & Measurement.
KW  - HISTORY / United States / 19th Century.
KW  - EDUCATION / History.
SN  - 9780674075672
TI  - Testing Wars in the Public Schools :A Forgotten History /
LK  - https://univsouthin.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://univsouthin.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780674075672
UR  - https://univsouthin.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://univsouthin.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www.degruyter.com/isbn/9780674075672
ER  -