@article{1480199,
      recid = {1480199},
      author = {Williams, Kidada E., },
      title = {They Left Great Marks on Me : African American Testimonies  of Racial Violence from Emancipation to World War I /},
      pages = {1 online resource},
      abstract = {Shares wrenching accounts of the everyday violence  experienced by emancipated African AmericansWell after  slavery was abolished, its legacy of violence left deep  wounds on African Americans' bodies, minds, and lives. For  many victims and witnesses of the assaults, rapes, murders,  nightrides, lynchings, and other bloody acts that followed,  the suffering this violence engendered was at once too  painful to put into words yet too horrible to suppress. In  this evocative and deeply moving history Kidada Williams  examines African Americans' testimonies about racial  violence. By using both oral and print culture to testify  about violence, victims and witnesses hoped they would be  able to graphically disseminate enough knowledge about its  occurrence and inspire Americans to take action to end it.  In the process of testifying, these people created a  vernacular history of the violence they endured and  witnessed, as well as the identities that grew from the  experience of violence. This history fostered an  oppositional consciousness to racial violence that inspired  African Americans to form and support campaigns to end  violence. The resulting crusades against racial violence  became one of the political training grounds for the civil  rights movement.},
      url = {http://library.usi.edu/record/1480199},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814784860.001.0001},
}