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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: Patterns of Insect Evolution
1.1 Initial Considerations
1.2 Polyneoptera
1.2.1 Dictyoptera
1.2.2 Orthoptera
1.3 Condylognatha
1.3.1 Thysanoptera
1.3.2 Hemiptera
1.4 Holometabola
1.4.1 Coleoptera
1.4.2 Hymenoptera
1.4.3 Diptera
1.4.4 Lepidoptera
References
Chapter 2: Overview of Insect Midgut Function
2.1 Food Handling and Ingestion
2.2 Gut Morphology
2.3 Stepwise Digestion of Nutrients
2.4 Phases of Digestion and Their Compartmentalization in the Midgut
2.5 Identification of the Sites of Transport of Water, Ions, and Nutrients Along the Gut
References
Chapter 3: Types and Chemistry of Diets
3.1 Initial Considerations
3.2 Detritus
3.2.1 Types of Detritus
3.2.2 Litter Chemical Composition
3.2.3 Litter and Wood Quality
3.2.4 Feces
3.2.5 Carcasses
3.3 Plant Materials
3.3.1 Leaves
3.3.2 Plant Exudates
3.3.3 Pollen
3.3.4 Nectar
3.3.5 Seeds
3.4 Bacteria
3.5 Fungi
3.6 Blood
3.7 Lichen
References
Chapter 4: Ordinary Digestive Enzymes
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Reliable Enzyme Assays
5.2 Enzymes Associated with Midgut Microvilli, Glycocalyx, and Microvilli-Associated Membranes
5.3 Chemistry of Microvillar and Microvilli-Associated Membranes
5.4 Mechanisms of Digestive Enzyme Secretion
References
Chapter 6: Midgut pH Buffering, Nutrient Absorption, Fluid Fluxes, and Enzyme Recycling
6.1 Overview
6.2 Midgut Conditions That Affect Digestion: pH Buffering, Redox Media, and Fluid Fluxes
6.3 Ion and Water Transporters
6.4 Nutrient Transporters
6.5 Models of Midgut pH Buffering
6.6 Models of Midgut Fluid Fluxes and Enzyme Recycling
References
Chapter 7: Midgut Extracellular Layers and Their Function
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Mucus: Chemical Nature and Function
7.3 Peritrophic Membrane: Occurrence, Structure, and Formation
7.4 Peritrophic Membrane: Evolution and Function
References
Chapter 8: Endocrine Regulation of Insect Digestion
8.1 Initial Considerations
8.2 The Nervous System and the Regulation of Digestion in Insects
8.2.1 The Stomatogastric Nervous System of Insects
8.2.2 The Frontal Ganglion
8.2.3 The Hypocerebral Ganglion
8.2.4 The Ventricular Ganglion
8.2.5 The Terminal Abdominal Ganglion
8.2.6 The Midgut Endocrine Cells (Enteroendocrine Cells)
Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: Patterns of Insect Evolution
1.1 Initial Considerations
1.2 Polyneoptera
1.2.1 Dictyoptera
1.2.2 Orthoptera
1.3 Condylognatha
1.3.1 Thysanoptera
1.3.2 Hemiptera
1.4 Holometabola
1.4.1 Coleoptera
1.4.2 Hymenoptera
1.4.3 Diptera
1.4.4 Lepidoptera
References
Chapter 2: Overview of Insect Midgut Function
2.1 Food Handling and Ingestion
2.2 Gut Morphology
2.3 Stepwise Digestion of Nutrients
2.4 Phases of Digestion and Their Compartmentalization in the Midgut
2.5 Identification of the Sites of Transport of Water, Ions, and Nutrients Along the Gut
References
Chapter 3: Types and Chemistry of Diets
3.1 Initial Considerations
3.2 Detritus
3.2.1 Types of Detritus
3.2.2 Litter Chemical Composition
3.2.3 Litter and Wood Quality
3.2.4 Feces
3.2.5 Carcasses
3.3 Plant Materials
3.3.1 Leaves
3.3.2 Plant Exudates
3.3.3 Pollen
3.3.4 Nectar
3.3.5 Seeds
3.4 Bacteria
3.5 Fungi
3.6 Blood
3.7 Lichen
References
Chapter 4: Ordinary Digestive Enzymes
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Reliable Enzyme Assays
5.2 Enzymes Associated with Midgut Microvilli, Glycocalyx, and Microvilli-Associated Membranes
5.3 Chemistry of Microvillar and Microvilli-Associated Membranes
5.4 Mechanisms of Digestive Enzyme Secretion
References
Chapter 6: Midgut pH Buffering, Nutrient Absorption, Fluid Fluxes, and Enzyme Recycling
6.1 Overview
6.2 Midgut Conditions That Affect Digestion: pH Buffering, Redox Media, and Fluid Fluxes
6.3 Ion and Water Transporters
6.4 Nutrient Transporters
6.5 Models of Midgut pH Buffering
6.6 Models of Midgut Fluid Fluxes and Enzyme Recycling
References
Chapter 7: Midgut Extracellular Layers and Their Function
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Mucus: Chemical Nature and Function
7.3 Peritrophic Membrane: Occurrence, Structure, and Formation
7.4 Peritrophic Membrane: Evolution and Function
References
Chapter 8: Endocrine Regulation of Insect Digestion
8.1 Initial Considerations
8.2 The Nervous System and the Regulation of Digestion in Insects
8.2.1 The Stomatogastric Nervous System of Insects
8.2.2 The Frontal Ganglion
8.2.3 The Hypocerebral Ganglion
8.2.4 The Ventricular Ganglion
8.2.5 The Terminal Abdominal Ganglion
8.2.6 The Midgut Endocrine Cells (Enteroendocrine Cells)