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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Contents
Contributors
Part I: Overview
Human Milk Composition: Nutrients and Bioactive Factors
1 Introduction
2 Stages of Lactation
3 Studies of Breast Milk Composition
4 Nutritional Constituents within Breast Milk
4.1 Macronutrients
4.2 Micronutrients
5 Bioactive Constituents and Their Sources
6 Growth Factors
6.1 Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF): Development and Repair of the Intestinal System
6.2 Neuronal Growth Factors: Normal Maturation
6.3 The Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) Superfamily and Its Effects on Tissues
6.4 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF): Regulating Vascular Development
6.5 Erythropoietin: Promoting Development of the Gut and Preventing Anaemia
6.6 Calcitonin and Somatostatin: Regulation of Growth
6.7 Adiponectin and Related Hormones: The Regulation of Metabolism and How the Body Is Composed
7 Oligosaccharides: Selection of Optimal Gut Microbial Flora
8 Conclusion
References
Perinatal Maternal Nutrition and Breast Milk Composition
1 Introduction
2 The Mother's Perinatal Nutritional Status
2.1 Carbohydrates
2.2 Proteins
2.3 Lipids
2.4 Iron
2.5 Folate and Folic Acid
2.6 Iodine
2.7 Vitamin D
3 Biochemical Properties of Breast Milk
3.1 Breast Milk Enzymes That Assist Digestion in the Neonate
3.2 Structural Elements of Breast Milk
3.3 Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids for Development of the Nervous System
4 Bioactivity in Breast Milk
5 Conclusion
References
Immunological Aspects of Breast Milk
1 Introduction
2 The Immune System in General
3 Haematopoiesis: Overview
4 Polymorphonucleocytes (PMNs) and Neutrophils
5 Mononuclear Phagocytes
6 Humoral Defences
7 Cytokines and Chemokines
2.4 Passive Immunity Conferred by Breastfeeding
3 Beneficial Effects of Breastfeeding
3.1 Respiratory Tract and Middle Ear Infections
3.2 Gastrointestinal Tract Infections
3.3 Necrotizing Enterocolitis
3.4 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
3.5 Allergic Disorders
3.6 Celiac Disease
3.7 Inflammatory Bowel Disorders
3.8 Obesity
3.9 Diabetes Mellitus
3.10 Childhood Leukemia and Lymphoma
3.11 Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
3.12 Prematurity and Donor Breast Milk
4 Conclusion
References
Physiological Aspects of Lactation
1 Introduction
2 Breast Development
Preface
Contents
Contributors
Part I: Overview
Human Milk Composition: Nutrients and Bioactive Factors
1 Introduction
2 Stages of Lactation
3 Studies of Breast Milk Composition
4 Nutritional Constituents within Breast Milk
4.1 Macronutrients
4.2 Micronutrients
5 Bioactive Constituents and Their Sources
6 Growth Factors
6.1 Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF): Development and Repair of the Intestinal System
6.2 Neuronal Growth Factors: Normal Maturation
6.3 The Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) Superfamily and Its Effects on Tissues
6.4 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF): Regulating Vascular Development
6.5 Erythropoietin: Promoting Development of the Gut and Preventing Anaemia
6.6 Calcitonin and Somatostatin: Regulation of Growth
6.7 Adiponectin and Related Hormones: The Regulation of Metabolism and How the Body Is Composed
7 Oligosaccharides: Selection of Optimal Gut Microbial Flora
8 Conclusion
References
Perinatal Maternal Nutrition and Breast Milk Composition
1 Introduction
2 The Mother's Perinatal Nutritional Status
2.1 Carbohydrates
2.2 Proteins
2.3 Lipids
2.4 Iron
2.5 Folate and Folic Acid
2.6 Iodine
2.7 Vitamin D
3 Biochemical Properties of Breast Milk
3.1 Breast Milk Enzymes That Assist Digestion in the Neonate
3.2 Structural Elements of Breast Milk
3.3 Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids for Development of the Nervous System
4 Bioactivity in Breast Milk
5 Conclusion
References
Immunological Aspects of Breast Milk
1 Introduction
2 The Immune System in General
3 Haematopoiesis: Overview
4 Polymorphonucleocytes (PMNs) and Neutrophils
5 Mononuclear Phagocytes
6 Humoral Defences
7 Cytokines and Chemokines
2.4 Passive Immunity Conferred by Breastfeeding
3 Beneficial Effects of Breastfeeding
3.1 Respiratory Tract and Middle Ear Infections
3.2 Gastrointestinal Tract Infections
3.3 Necrotizing Enterocolitis
3.4 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
3.5 Allergic Disorders
3.6 Celiac Disease
3.7 Inflammatory Bowel Disorders
3.8 Obesity
3.9 Diabetes Mellitus
3.10 Childhood Leukemia and Lymphoma
3.11 Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
3.12 Prematurity and Donor Breast Milk
4 Conclusion
References
Physiological Aspects of Lactation
1 Introduction
2 Breast Development