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Table of Contents
Intro
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Editor and Contributors
Part I: Pharmaceutical Innovation and Research
1: Innovation in Stabilization of Biopharmaceuticals
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Stability Is the Major Concern for Biopharmaceuticals
1.3 Mechanisms of Protein Degradation
1.3.1 Self-Assembly of Monomeric Protein
1.3.2 Aggregation of Conformationally Altered Monomers
1.3.3 Aggregation of Chemically Modified Monomer
1.3.4 Nucleation-Mediated Aggregation
1.3.5 Surface-Induced Aggregation
1.4 Instability of Protein Drugs
1.4.1 Denaturation
1.4.2 Aggregation
1.4.3 Precipitation
1.4.4 Chemical Instability
1.5 Novel Stabilizers
1.5.1 Immobilization of Enzymes
1.5.2 Aptamers
1.6 Outlook
References
2: Concepts in Pharmacogenomics: Tools and Applications
2.1 Background
2.2 Pharmacogenomics Concept
2.3 History
2.4 Inter-individual Differences in Therapeutic Response to Drugs
2.5 Methods Used in Pharmacogenomics Research
2.6 OMICS Tools Used in Pharmacogenomics Research
2.6.1 Transcriptomics
2.6.2 Pharmacometabolomics
2.6.3 Proteomics
2.6.4 Genomics
2.7 Applications
2.7.1 Precision Medicine
2.7.2 Drug Discovery and Development
References
3: Pharmacogenetics: A New Approach for the Selection of the Right Drug
3.1 Introduction
3.2 History of Pharmacogenomics
3.2.1 In the Early 1930s
3.2.2 In the Late 1930s
3.2.3 In the Period of the 1960s
3.2.4 The Present Scenario
3.3 Role of Pharmacogenomics in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
3.3.1 Pharmacokinetic Interactions
3.3.2 Pharmacodynamic Interaction
3.4 Investigation of Pharmacogenome
3.4.1 First-Generation Sequencers of DNA
3.4.2 The Beginning of High Throughput-Next-Generation Sequencing (HT-NGS)
3.4.3 HT-NGS Platforms of the Second Generation
3.4.4 HT-NGS Platforms of the Third Generation
3.4.5 Sequencer for Single Molecules in Real-Time (SMRTTM)
3.4.6 HeliScopeTM
3.4.7 RNA Polymerase (RNAP) Sequencer
3.4.8 DNA Sequencer Using Nanopores
3.4.9 VisiGen Biotechnologies
3.4.10 Technology for Multiplex Polony
3.5 Clinical Application of Pharmacogenomics
3.5.1 Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
3.5.2 Codeine
3.5.3 Carbamazepine
3.5.4 Allopurinol
3.5.5 Dapsone
3.5.6 Asparaginase
3.6 Conclusion
References
4: Meeting the Unmet Challenges of Pharmaceutical Research Using Artificial Intelligence
4.1 Introduction
4.2 AI in the Lifecycle of Pharmaceutical Product
4.2.1 In Drug Discovery
4.2.2 Forecasting of Physicochemical Properties
4.2.3 Forecasting of Pharmacological Activity
4.2.4 In Pharmaceutical Product Development
4.3 Artificial Neural Network
4.3.1 ANN vs. Human Brain
4.3.2 Theory of ANN
4.3.3 The Architecture of ANNs
4.3.4 Training
4.3.5 Working
4.4 Fuzzy Logic
4.4.1 Theory of Fuzzy Logic
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Editor and Contributors
Part I: Pharmaceutical Innovation and Research
1: Innovation in Stabilization of Biopharmaceuticals
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Stability Is the Major Concern for Biopharmaceuticals
1.3 Mechanisms of Protein Degradation
1.3.1 Self-Assembly of Monomeric Protein
1.3.2 Aggregation of Conformationally Altered Monomers
1.3.3 Aggregation of Chemically Modified Monomer
1.3.4 Nucleation-Mediated Aggregation
1.3.5 Surface-Induced Aggregation
1.4 Instability of Protein Drugs
1.4.1 Denaturation
1.4.2 Aggregation
1.4.3 Precipitation
1.4.4 Chemical Instability
1.5 Novel Stabilizers
1.5.1 Immobilization of Enzymes
1.5.2 Aptamers
1.6 Outlook
References
2: Concepts in Pharmacogenomics: Tools and Applications
2.1 Background
2.2 Pharmacogenomics Concept
2.3 History
2.4 Inter-individual Differences in Therapeutic Response to Drugs
2.5 Methods Used in Pharmacogenomics Research
2.6 OMICS Tools Used in Pharmacogenomics Research
2.6.1 Transcriptomics
2.6.2 Pharmacometabolomics
2.6.3 Proteomics
2.6.4 Genomics
2.7 Applications
2.7.1 Precision Medicine
2.7.2 Drug Discovery and Development
References
3: Pharmacogenetics: A New Approach for the Selection of the Right Drug
3.1 Introduction
3.2 History of Pharmacogenomics
3.2.1 In the Early 1930s
3.2.2 In the Late 1930s
3.2.3 In the Period of the 1960s
3.2.4 The Present Scenario
3.3 Role of Pharmacogenomics in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
3.3.1 Pharmacokinetic Interactions
3.3.2 Pharmacodynamic Interaction
3.4 Investigation of Pharmacogenome
3.4.1 First-Generation Sequencers of DNA
3.4.2 The Beginning of High Throughput-Next-Generation Sequencing (HT-NGS)
3.4.3 HT-NGS Platforms of the Second Generation
3.4.4 HT-NGS Platforms of the Third Generation
3.4.5 Sequencer for Single Molecules in Real-Time (SMRTTM)
3.4.6 HeliScopeTM
3.4.7 RNA Polymerase (RNAP) Sequencer
3.4.8 DNA Sequencer Using Nanopores
3.4.9 VisiGen Biotechnologies
3.4.10 Technology for Multiplex Polony
3.5 Clinical Application of Pharmacogenomics
3.5.1 Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
3.5.2 Codeine
3.5.3 Carbamazepine
3.5.4 Allopurinol
3.5.5 Dapsone
3.5.6 Asparaginase
3.6 Conclusion
References
4: Meeting the Unmet Challenges of Pharmaceutical Research Using Artificial Intelligence
4.1 Introduction
4.2 AI in the Lifecycle of Pharmaceutical Product
4.2.1 In Drug Discovery
4.2.2 Forecasting of Physicochemical Properties
4.2.3 Forecasting of Pharmacological Activity
4.2.4 In Pharmaceutical Product Development
4.3 Artificial Neural Network
4.3.1 ANN vs. Human Brain
4.3.2 Theory of ANN
4.3.3 The Architecture of ANNs
4.3.4 Training
4.3.5 Working
4.4 Fuzzy Logic
4.4.1 Theory of Fuzzy Logic