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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Authors
Part I: Background to the Kenya Rift Lakes
Chapter 1: Introduction: About This Book
1.1 The Kenya Rift Lakes
References
Chapter 2: Brief History of Geological Research on the Kenya Rift Lakes
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Early European Explorers
2.3 The 1920s until the 1940s: Movement on Multiple Fronts
2.3.1 Expeditions and Limnological Data Collection
2.3.2 Development and Rejection of Pluvial Theory
2.4 Development of an Absolute Chronology
2.5 The 1950s-1970s
2.5.1 An Era of Geological Mapping
2.5.2 Palaeoanthropological Research and Lakes
2.5.3 Other Contributions
2.6 Applied Research: Geothermal and Petroleum Exploration
2.7 Palaeoclimate Studies
2.8 From 2010 Until the 2020s: The Era of Drilling and High-Resolution Studies
References
Chapter 3: Geology of the Kenya Rift: An Introduction
3.1 Tectonic Setting of the East African Rift
3.2 Major Controls on the East African Rift System
3.3 Accommodation Zones
3.4 Kenya Rift Tectonics
3.5 Kenya Rift Basins
3.6 Volcanism in the Kenya Rift
3.7 Geological Evolution of the Kenya Rift Valley
References
Chapter 4: Environmental Background to the Kenya Rift Lakes: An Introduction
4.1 Introduction
4.2 East African Climate
4.3 Hydrology and Hydrogeology
4.3.1 Drainage Patterns and Groundwater Flow
4.3.2 Types of River System
4.4 Weathering and Sediment Production
4.4.1 Physical Weathering
4.4.2 Chemical Weathering
4.4.3 Biological Weathering
4.5 Kenya Rift Soils
4.6 Aeolian Processes
4.7 Kenya Rift Vegetation
4.8 Kenya Rift Wildlife
4.9 Geothermal Processes and their Impact on Lacustrine Sedimentation
4.9.1 Types of Hot Spring in the Kenya Rift
4.9.2 Structural Setting of the Hot Springs
4.9.3 Hot Spring Water Chemistry
4.9.4 Spring Deposits and Hydrothermal Alteration: Records of Hydrothermal Activity in Lake Basins
References
Chapter 5: Lake Processes and Sedimentation
5.1 The Kenya Rift Lakes and Their Basins
5.2 Lacustrine Processes
5.3 Aquatic Chemical and Biochemical Processes
5.4 Sedimentary Facies
5.4.1 Rift Geomorphology and Sedimentation
5.4.2 Siliciclastic Coastal Sedimentation
5.4.3 Lake Marginal Carbonate Deposition
5.4.4 Deltas and Fan-Deltas
5.4.5 Offshore Pelagic Settings in Fresh to Brackish Lakes
5.4.6 Sedimentation in Highly Saline Deep Lakes
5.4.7 Chemical Sedimentation and Evaporites in Shallow Saline Lakes and Ephemeral Playas
References
Part II: The Modern Kenya Rift Lakes
Chapter 6: Lake Turkana
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Geological and Geomorphological Setting
6.2.1 Lithologies and Stratigraphy of the Turkana Drainage Basin
6.2.2 Regional Tectonic Framework
6.3 Climate and Basin Hydrology
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Authors
Part I: Background to the Kenya Rift Lakes
Chapter 1: Introduction: About This Book
1.1 The Kenya Rift Lakes
References
Chapter 2: Brief History of Geological Research on the Kenya Rift Lakes
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Early European Explorers
2.3 The 1920s until the 1940s: Movement on Multiple Fronts
2.3.1 Expeditions and Limnological Data Collection
2.3.2 Development and Rejection of Pluvial Theory
2.4 Development of an Absolute Chronology
2.5 The 1950s-1970s
2.5.1 An Era of Geological Mapping
2.5.2 Palaeoanthropological Research and Lakes
2.5.3 Other Contributions
2.6 Applied Research: Geothermal and Petroleum Exploration
2.7 Palaeoclimate Studies
2.8 From 2010 Until the 2020s: The Era of Drilling and High-Resolution Studies
References
Chapter 3: Geology of the Kenya Rift: An Introduction
3.1 Tectonic Setting of the East African Rift
3.2 Major Controls on the East African Rift System
3.3 Accommodation Zones
3.4 Kenya Rift Tectonics
3.5 Kenya Rift Basins
3.6 Volcanism in the Kenya Rift
3.7 Geological Evolution of the Kenya Rift Valley
References
Chapter 4: Environmental Background to the Kenya Rift Lakes: An Introduction
4.1 Introduction
4.2 East African Climate
4.3 Hydrology and Hydrogeology
4.3.1 Drainage Patterns and Groundwater Flow
4.3.2 Types of River System
4.4 Weathering and Sediment Production
4.4.1 Physical Weathering
4.4.2 Chemical Weathering
4.4.3 Biological Weathering
4.5 Kenya Rift Soils
4.6 Aeolian Processes
4.7 Kenya Rift Vegetation
4.8 Kenya Rift Wildlife
4.9 Geothermal Processes and their Impact on Lacustrine Sedimentation
4.9.1 Types of Hot Spring in the Kenya Rift
4.9.2 Structural Setting of the Hot Springs
4.9.3 Hot Spring Water Chemistry
4.9.4 Spring Deposits and Hydrothermal Alteration: Records of Hydrothermal Activity in Lake Basins
References
Chapter 5: Lake Processes and Sedimentation
5.1 The Kenya Rift Lakes and Their Basins
5.2 Lacustrine Processes
5.3 Aquatic Chemical and Biochemical Processes
5.4 Sedimentary Facies
5.4.1 Rift Geomorphology and Sedimentation
5.4.2 Siliciclastic Coastal Sedimentation
5.4.3 Lake Marginal Carbonate Deposition
5.4.4 Deltas and Fan-Deltas
5.4.5 Offshore Pelagic Settings in Fresh to Brackish Lakes
5.4.6 Sedimentation in Highly Saline Deep Lakes
5.4.7 Chemical Sedimentation and Evaporites in Shallow Saline Lakes and Ephemeral Playas
References
Part II: The Modern Kenya Rift Lakes
Chapter 6: Lake Turkana
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Geological and Geomorphological Setting
6.2.1 Lithologies and Stratigraphy of the Turkana Drainage Basin
6.2.2 Regional Tectonic Framework
6.3 Climate and Basin Hydrology