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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
About the Editor
Contributors
1 History and Present Scenario of Additive Manufacturing in Pharmaceuticals
1.1 Historical Foundation of AM Technologies for Pharmaceuticals
1.2 Overview of AM and Process Considerations for Use in Pharma
1.2.1 Stereolithography (SLA)
1.2.2 Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM)
1.2.3 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
1.2.4 Semi Solid Extrusion (SSE)
1.2.5 Binder Jet 3D Printing (BJ3DP)
1.3 Current State of AM Technologies in Pharmaceutical Practice
1.3.1 Personalization, Point of Use, and On Demand Manufacturing
1.3.2 Improving Bioavailability for Low Solubility Compounds (e.g., BCS II and IV)
1.3.2.1 FDM
1.3.2.2 SLS
1.3.2.3 SSE
1.3.2.4 Inkjet Printing and BJ3DP
1.3.3 Modulating Release Kinetics of Dosage Forms
1.3.3.1 SLA
1.3.3.2 FDM
1.3.3.3 SLS
1.3.3.4 SSE
1.3.3.5 BJ3DP
1.3.4 Combining Medications into a Single Dosage Unit ("Polypill")
1.3.4.1 SLA
1.3.4.2 FDM
1.3.4.3 SLS
1.3.4.4 SSE
1.3.4.5 BJ3DP
1.3.5 Orodispersible Dosage Forms
1.3.5.1 State of the Art
1.3.5.2 FDM
1.3.5.3 SLS
1.3.5.4 SSE
1.3.5.5 BJ3DP
1.3.6 Other AM Uses of Note
1.4 Conclusions
References
2 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of Pharmaceuticals
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Process Technology and Principles of Printing
2.2.1 Fused Deposition Modeling Equipment
2.2.2 The Printing Process
2.2.2.1 Mass Flow During Fused Deposition Modeling 3D-Printing
2.2.3 Material Processability
2.2.3.1 Feedability
2.2.3.2 Flowability
2.2.3.3 Stability
2.2.3.4 Enhancing Printing Performance
2.2.4 Alternative Feedstock Materials
2.3 Materials Used in Fused Deposition Modeling 3D-Printing
2.3.1 Carrier
2.3.1.1 Cellulose Derivatives
2.3.1.2 Ethylene Vinyl Acetates
2.3.1.3 Kollicoat IR
2.3.1.4 Polycaprolactone
2.3.1.5 Polyethylene Oxide
2.3.1.6 Polylactic Acid
2.3.1.7 Polymethacrylates
2.3.1.8 Polyurethanes
2.3.1.9 Polyvinyl Alcohol
2.3.1.10 Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone
2.3.1.11 Soluplus
2.3.2 Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient
2.3.3 Processing Aids
2.3.3.1 Plasticizer
2.3.3.2 Dissolution Modifier
2.3.3.3 Inert Filler
2.3.3.4 Glidant
2.3.3.5 Specialty Excipient
2.4 Characterization Techniques
2.4.1 Mechanical Resilience
2.4.2 Topography
2.4.3 Solid State and Degradation
2.4.4 Stability
2.4.5 Porosity
2.4.6 Dissolution Behaviour
2.4.7 Distribution Homogeneity
2.4.8 Specific Requirements
2.5 Pharmaceutical Applications
2.5.1 Oral Solid Dosage Forms
2.5.1.1 Multi-drug Therapies
2.5.1.2 Paediatric Dosage Forms
2.5.1.3 Targeting Specific Release
2.5.1.4 Amorphous Solid Dispersion
2.5.1.5 Complex Oral Dosage Forms
2.5.1.6 Print and Fill Technology
2.5.2 Transdermal and Transmucosal Films
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
About the Editor
Contributors
1 History and Present Scenario of Additive Manufacturing in Pharmaceuticals
1.1 Historical Foundation of AM Technologies for Pharmaceuticals
1.2 Overview of AM and Process Considerations for Use in Pharma
1.2.1 Stereolithography (SLA)
1.2.2 Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM)
1.2.3 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
1.2.4 Semi Solid Extrusion (SSE)
1.2.5 Binder Jet 3D Printing (BJ3DP)
1.3 Current State of AM Technologies in Pharmaceutical Practice
1.3.1 Personalization, Point of Use, and On Demand Manufacturing
1.3.2 Improving Bioavailability for Low Solubility Compounds (e.g., BCS II and IV)
1.3.2.1 FDM
1.3.2.2 SLS
1.3.2.3 SSE
1.3.2.4 Inkjet Printing and BJ3DP
1.3.3 Modulating Release Kinetics of Dosage Forms
1.3.3.1 SLA
1.3.3.2 FDM
1.3.3.3 SLS
1.3.3.4 SSE
1.3.3.5 BJ3DP
1.3.4 Combining Medications into a Single Dosage Unit ("Polypill")
1.3.4.1 SLA
1.3.4.2 FDM
1.3.4.3 SLS
1.3.4.4 SSE
1.3.4.5 BJ3DP
1.3.5 Orodispersible Dosage Forms
1.3.5.1 State of the Art
1.3.5.2 FDM
1.3.5.3 SLS
1.3.5.4 SSE
1.3.5.5 BJ3DP
1.3.6 Other AM Uses of Note
1.4 Conclusions
References
2 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of Pharmaceuticals
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Process Technology and Principles of Printing
2.2.1 Fused Deposition Modeling Equipment
2.2.2 The Printing Process
2.2.2.1 Mass Flow During Fused Deposition Modeling 3D-Printing
2.2.3 Material Processability
2.2.3.1 Feedability
2.2.3.2 Flowability
2.2.3.3 Stability
2.2.3.4 Enhancing Printing Performance
2.2.4 Alternative Feedstock Materials
2.3 Materials Used in Fused Deposition Modeling 3D-Printing
2.3.1 Carrier
2.3.1.1 Cellulose Derivatives
2.3.1.2 Ethylene Vinyl Acetates
2.3.1.3 Kollicoat IR
2.3.1.4 Polycaprolactone
2.3.1.5 Polyethylene Oxide
2.3.1.6 Polylactic Acid
2.3.1.7 Polymethacrylates
2.3.1.8 Polyurethanes
2.3.1.9 Polyvinyl Alcohol
2.3.1.10 Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone
2.3.1.11 Soluplus
2.3.2 Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient
2.3.3 Processing Aids
2.3.3.1 Plasticizer
2.3.3.2 Dissolution Modifier
2.3.3.3 Inert Filler
2.3.3.4 Glidant
2.3.3.5 Specialty Excipient
2.4 Characterization Techniques
2.4.1 Mechanical Resilience
2.4.2 Topography
2.4.3 Solid State and Degradation
2.4.4 Stability
2.4.5 Porosity
2.4.6 Dissolution Behaviour
2.4.7 Distribution Homogeneity
2.4.8 Specific Requirements
2.5 Pharmaceutical Applications
2.5.1 Oral Solid Dosage Forms
2.5.1.1 Multi-drug Therapies
2.5.1.2 Paediatric Dosage Forms
2.5.1.3 Targeting Specific Release
2.5.1.4 Amorphous Solid Dispersion
2.5.1.5 Complex Oral Dosage Forms
2.5.1.6 Print and Fill Technology
2.5.2 Transdermal and Transmucosal Films