Intro
Preface
Contributors to Case Studies, Chapter 9
Contents
Symbols
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 History of Observational Method
1.2 Types of Geotechnical Instrument
1.3 Planning Geotechnical Instrumentation Project
1.4 Geotechnical Instrument Installation
1.5 Monitoring, Data Processing, Data Verification and Presentation
1.6 Analyses and Performance Assessment
1.7 Factors Affecting Measured Instrument Data
1.8 Case Studies
Chapter 2: Observational Methods and Geotechnical Issues
2.1 Settlement and Consolidation

2.2 Slope Instability and Lateral Displacement
2.3 Groundwater and Porewater Pressures
2.4 Vibration monitoring
2.5 Structural Deformation
2.5.1 Stresses on the Earth and Structures
2.6 Advantage of Using and Implementing Geotechnical Instrumentation Programme
Chapter 3: Types of Instruments
3.1 Deformation and Strain Measurements
3.1.1 Settlement Plate
3.1.2 Settlement Marker and Settlement Point
3.1.3 Liquid Settlement Gauge
3.1.4 Deep Settlement Gauge
3.1.5 Multi-Level Settlement Gauge
3.1.6 Settlement Profiler
3.1.7 Deep Reference Point

3.2 Water Level and Pressure Measurements
3.2.1 Water Standpipe
3.2.2 Casagrande Open-Type Piezometer
3.2.2.1 Specifications
3.2.3 Closed-Type Piezometers
3.2.3.1 Pneumatic Piezometer
3.2.3.2 Vibrating Wire Piezometer
3.2.3.3 Specifications
3.2.4 Multi-level Piezometers
3.2.4.1 Specifications
3.3 Stress and Pressure Measurements
3.3.1 Borehole Stressmeters
3.3.2 Pressure Cells
3.3.2.1 Specifications
3.4 Strain Gauges
3.4.1 Specifications
3.5 Load Cells
3.5.1 Specifications
3.6 Inclinometers
3.6.1 Typical Specifications
3.7 Extensometers

3.7.1 Typical Specifications
3.8 Structural Deformation Measurement
3.8.1 Crackmeter
3.8.1.1 Specifications
3.8.2 Tiltmeter
3.8.2.1 Specifications
3.9 Temperature
3.9.1 Thermistor Probes
3.9.1.1 Specifications
3.9.2 Thermistor Strings
3.9.2.1 Specifications
3.9.3 Temperature Sensors
3.9.3.1 Specifications
3.10 Vibration Monitoring
3.11 All Other Types of Geotechnical Instrument
Chapter 4: Planning Geotechnical Instrumentation Project
4.1 Determining Issues to Be Solved
4.2 Determining Kinds of Measurement
4.3 Objective of Measurements

4.4 Selecting Types of Instrument to Monitor and Collect Required Measurements
4.5 Selecting Instrument with a Suitable Method of Measurement
4.6 Selecting Suitable Range and Accuracy of Measurements
4.7 Determining Locations to Be Installed
4.8 Determining Depths to Install
4.9 Determining Total Numbers of Instrument Required for Each Type of Instrument
4.10 Preparing Monitoring Frequency
4.11 Preparing Remedial Plan
4.11.1 Slope Instability
4.11.2 Retaining Wall Instability
4.11.3 Excavation Instability