Intro
Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: Animals That Stay Together, Hunt Together
References
Chapter 2: Social Strategies of the African Lion
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Unique Among Felids: A Broad Overview of Lion Social Structure
2.1.1.1 Prides
2.1.1.2 Coalitions
2.1.1.3 Egalitarianism
2.1.1.4 Fission-Fusion
2.2 Ultimate Drivers of Sociality: Patterns from the Serengeti Ecosystem
2.2.1 Resource Defense
2.2.1.1 Defense of Territories
2.2.1.2 Defense of Prides
2.2.2 Other Benefits of Group Formation
2.2.2.1 Obtaining Food

2.2.2.2 Reproduction: Crèche Formation, Cub Rearing, and Cub Defense
2.3 Proximate Drivers of Sociality
2.3.1 Plastic Variation in Sociality Across Africa
2.3.2 Intraspecific Competition
2.3.2.1 Pride Size and Structure
2.3.2.2 Territorial Defense and Breeding Subgroups
2.3.3 Interspecific Competition
2.3.4 Resource Availability
2.3.4.1 Pride Size and Structure
2.3.4.2 Hunting Subgroups
2.3.5 Habitat Structure and Complexity
2.3.5.1 Pride Size and Structure
2.3.5.2 Territorial Defense and Breeding Subgroups
2.3.5.3 Hunting Subgroups

2.4 Lion Sociality in Human-Dominated Landscapes
2.4.1 Inside vs. Outside Protected Areas
2.4.1.1 Trophy Hunting
2.4.1.2 Persecution
2.4.2 Living in Managed Wildlife Areas
2.5 Conclusions: Current Unknowns and Future Directions
2.5.1 Geographic Bias
2.5.2 Behaviors Maintaining Social Bonds
2.5.3 Consequences of Variation in Social Behavior
2.5.4 Future Directions
References
Chapter 3: The Role of Food and Mates in Shaping Asiatic Lion Societies
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Origin, Distribution, and Status
3.1.2 Morphology
3.1.3 Habitat

3.1.4 Diet and Predation Ecology
3.2 Social Behavior: The Effect of Resources on Group-Living
3.2.1 Prides: Lion Queens
3.2.1.1 Life History
3.2.1.2 Territoriality
3.2.2 Male Coalitions: Selfish Partners or Comrades in Arms?
3.2.2.1 Life History
3.2.2.2 Nomadism
3.2.2.3 Territoriality and Land-Tenure System
3.2.2.4 Despotism
3.2.2.5 Kin-Selection
3.2.2.6 Demographic Constraints on Coalition Formation
3.3 Male-Female Associations: Cooperation and Conflict Among the Sexes
3.3.1 Social Factors
3.3.2 Resource Factors

3.3.3 Proximity Between the Sexes and Roaring
3.4 Battle of the Sexes: Mating Strategies in Asiatic lions
3.4.1 Mating Interactions
3.4.2 Mating Networks
3.4.3 Female Promiscuity as an Insurance Against Infanticide
3.4.4 Female Reproductive Parameters
3.5 Drivers of Sociality
3.6 Conclusions and Future Research
References
Chapter 4: Wolves in a Human World: Social Dynamics of the Northern Hemisphereś Most Iconic Social Carnivore
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Social Unit: An Overview
4.3 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Group Living