Intro
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Book
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Part I: Production of N-Containing Compounds by Chemical Catalytic Processes
Chapter 1: Hydrolysis of Nitrile Compounds in Near-Critical Water
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Near-Critical Water
1.3 Nitrile Compounds
1.4 Hydrolysis Reaction of Typical Nitriles in NCW
1.4.1 Hydrolysis Reaction in NCW
1.4.2 Hydrolysis of Nitrile Compounds
1.4.2.1 Hydrolysis of Nitrile Compounds Catalyzed by Acid/Base Catalysts
1.4.2.2 Hydrolysis of Saturated and Unsaturated Nitriles in NCW

1.4.2.3 Hydrolysis of Aliphatic and Aromatic Nitriles in NCW
1.4.2.4 Hydrolysis Reaction of Heterocyclic Nitriles in NCW
1.4.2.5 Hydrolysis Reaction of Dicyan-Nitriles in NCW
1.4.3 Comparison of Hydrolysis Reactions of Different Nitrile Compounds in NCW
1.4.4 Factors Affecting Hydrolysis of Nitrile Compounds in NCW
1.4.4.1 Reaction Temperature and Time
1.4.4.2 Reaction Pressure
1.4.4.3 Catalytic Additives
1.5 Conclusions and Future Outlook
References

Chapter 2: Major Advances in Syntheses of Biomass Based Amines and Pyrrolidone Products by Reductive Amination Process of Majo...
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Reductive Amination of FUR and HMF
2.3 Reductive Amination of LA
2.4 Conclusions and Future Outlook
References
Chapter 3: Producing N-Heterocyclic Compounds from Lignocellulosic Biomass Feedstocks
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Five-Membered N-Heterocyclic Compounds
3.2.1 Pyrrolidines
3.2.2 1-Ethyl-2-(Ethylideneamino)-5-Methylpyrrolidin-2-Ol
3.2.3 Pyrrolidones
3.2.4 Bicyclic and Fused Pyrrolidones
3.2.5 Pyrroles

3.2.6 Pyrazoles
3.2.7 Imidazoles
3.2.8 Tetrazoles
3.3 Six-Membered N-Heterocyclic Compounds
3.3.1 Pyridinium Salts
3.3.2 Pyridazin-3(2H)-One
3.3.3 Pyridazines
3.3.4 Pyrazines
3.4 Quinolines
3.5 Benzodiazepinones
3.6 Pyrido[2,3-d]Pyrimidines
3.7 1,2,4-Triazine, Quinoxaline and Pyrazolo[3,4-b]Quinoxaline
3.8 Conclusion and Future Outlook
References
Chapter 4: Waste Shell Biorefinery: Sustainable Production of Organonitrogen Chemicals
4.1 Waste Shell Biorefinery
4.1.1 Global Shell Waste Generation
4.1.2 The Ocean-Based Chitin Biomass

4.1.3 Chitin Extraction from Shell Waste
4.2 Chitin Hydrolysis into the Amino- or Amide-Sugar Products
4.2.1 Water Solvent Systems
4.2.2 Organic or Co-solvent Systems
4.3 Chitin Oxidation into Amino Acids
4.3.1 Amino Acids
4.3.2 Oxidation of Chitin Monomers to Produce Amino Acid Sugars
4.3.2.1 Oxidative Cleavage of Chitin Monomer to Produce Short-chain Amino Acids
4.3.2.2 Oxidation of Chitin/Chitosan into Amino Acids
4.4 Chitin Dehydration into Furanic Amide (3A5AF)
4.4.1 Potential of 3A5AF as a Building Block Chemical
4.4.2 Chitin Monomer Dehydration to 3A5AF