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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Author
Chapter 1: Introduction to Water Quality Science
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Water Is a Unique Compound
1.3 Properties of Water
1.3.1 Dipole Moment
1.3.2 High Boiling Point
1.3.3 High Heat of Vaporization
1.3.4 High Specific Heat Capacity of Water
1.3.5 High Freezing Point
1.3.6 Cohesive Nature and High Surface Tension
1.3.7 Anomalous Expansion of Water
1.3.8 Universal Solvent
1.3.9 Why Does Ice Float on Water?
1.4 Types of Aquatic Ecosystems
1.5 Importance of Aquatic Ecosystems
1.6 Sub-Disciplines Related to Aquatic Sciences
1.6.1 Limnology
1.6.2 Oceanography
1.6.3 Aquatic Ecology
1.7 Scope of Water Quality Science
1.8 An Overview of Water Quality Parameters
1.9 The SDG-6- Clean Water and Sanitation (Source: https://unric.org/en/sdg-6/)
1.10 Targets Are (Source: https://unric.org/en/sdg-6/)
1.11 Citizen Science and Water Quality: A Meaningful Combination
1.11.1 Scope of the Book
References
Further Reading
Chapter 2: Aquatic Sampling
2.1 What Is Sampling?
2.2 Steps Involved in Sampling
2.3 Types of Aquatic Sampling
2.3.1 Probability Sampling
2.3.1.1 Simple Random Sampling
2.3.1.2 Systematic Sampling
2.3.1.3 Stratified Sampling
2.3.1.4 Clustered Sampling
2.3.2 Non-probability Sampling
2.3.2.1 Convenience Sampling
2.3.2.2 Quota Sampling
2.3.2.3 Judgment (or Purposive) Sampling
2.3.2.4 Snowball Sampling
2.3.3 Other Varieties of Sampling Techniques in Aquatic Sciences
2.3.3.1 Continuous Sampling with Probes
2.3.3.2 Depth Profiling
2.3.3.3 Discrete Sampling in Containers
2.3.3.3.1 Selecting Container Type and Volume
2.3.3.3.2 Ensuring the Cleanliness of the Container
2.3.3.3.3 Headspace Air
2.3.3.3.4 Addition of Preservatives
2.3.3.3.5 Sealing and Labeling
2.3.3.4 In-Situ Sampling
2.3.3.5 Ex-Situ Sampling
2.3.3.5.1 Microcosms and Mesocosms
2.4 Sampling Gears
2.4.1 Immersion of Probes or Sensors
2.4.2 Use of Glass Bottles or High-Grade Plastics
2.4.3 Submersible Pumps
2.4.4 Niskin Samplers and Rosette
2.4.5 Groundwater Samplers
2.4.6 Tap Water Sampling
2.5 Filtration of Samples
2.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Basic Physicochemical Properties of Water
3.1 Water Temperature
3.1.1 What Is Temperature?
3.1.2 What Are the Factors that Regulate Water Temperature?
3.1.2.1 Natural Factors
3.1.2.1.1 Role of Atmosphere
3.1.2.1.2 Effect of Sunlight
3.1.2.1.3 Suspended Particulate Matters in Water
3.1.2.1.4 Mixing of Waters
3.1.2.2 Anthropogenic Factors
3.1.2.2.1 Clearing of Vegetation Around Aquatic Systems
3.1.2.2.2 Buildings of Dams and Barrages
3.1.2.2.3 Thermal Pollution
3.1.3 Significance of Water Temperature in Natural Aquatic Systems
3.1.3.1 Species Composition of Aquatic Biota
3.1.3.2 Solubility of Gases
3.1.3.3 Effect on Electrical Conductivity
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Author
Chapter 1: Introduction to Water Quality Science
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Water Is a Unique Compound
1.3 Properties of Water
1.3.1 Dipole Moment
1.3.2 High Boiling Point
1.3.3 High Heat of Vaporization
1.3.4 High Specific Heat Capacity of Water
1.3.5 High Freezing Point
1.3.6 Cohesive Nature and High Surface Tension
1.3.7 Anomalous Expansion of Water
1.3.8 Universal Solvent
1.3.9 Why Does Ice Float on Water?
1.4 Types of Aquatic Ecosystems
1.5 Importance of Aquatic Ecosystems
1.6 Sub-Disciplines Related to Aquatic Sciences
1.6.1 Limnology
1.6.2 Oceanography
1.6.3 Aquatic Ecology
1.7 Scope of Water Quality Science
1.8 An Overview of Water Quality Parameters
1.9 The SDG-6- Clean Water and Sanitation (Source: https://unric.org/en/sdg-6/)
1.10 Targets Are (Source: https://unric.org/en/sdg-6/)
1.11 Citizen Science and Water Quality: A Meaningful Combination
1.11.1 Scope of the Book
References
Further Reading
Chapter 2: Aquatic Sampling
2.1 What Is Sampling?
2.2 Steps Involved in Sampling
2.3 Types of Aquatic Sampling
2.3.1 Probability Sampling
2.3.1.1 Simple Random Sampling
2.3.1.2 Systematic Sampling
2.3.1.3 Stratified Sampling
2.3.1.4 Clustered Sampling
2.3.2 Non-probability Sampling
2.3.2.1 Convenience Sampling
2.3.2.2 Quota Sampling
2.3.2.3 Judgment (or Purposive) Sampling
2.3.2.4 Snowball Sampling
2.3.3 Other Varieties of Sampling Techniques in Aquatic Sciences
2.3.3.1 Continuous Sampling with Probes
2.3.3.2 Depth Profiling
2.3.3.3 Discrete Sampling in Containers
2.3.3.3.1 Selecting Container Type and Volume
2.3.3.3.2 Ensuring the Cleanliness of the Container
2.3.3.3.3 Headspace Air
2.3.3.3.4 Addition of Preservatives
2.3.3.3.5 Sealing and Labeling
2.3.3.4 In-Situ Sampling
2.3.3.5 Ex-Situ Sampling
2.3.3.5.1 Microcosms and Mesocosms
2.4 Sampling Gears
2.4.1 Immersion of Probes or Sensors
2.4.2 Use of Glass Bottles or High-Grade Plastics
2.4.3 Submersible Pumps
2.4.4 Niskin Samplers and Rosette
2.4.5 Groundwater Samplers
2.4.6 Tap Water Sampling
2.5 Filtration of Samples
2.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Basic Physicochemical Properties of Water
3.1 Water Temperature
3.1.1 What Is Temperature?
3.1.2 What Are the Factors that Regulate Water Temperature?
3.1.2.1 Natural Factors
3.1.2.1.1 Role of Atmosphere
3.1.2.1.2 Effect of Sunlight
3.1.2.1.3 Suspended Particulate Matters in Water
3.1.2.1.4 Mixing of Waters
3.1.2.2 Anthropogenic Factors
3.1.2.2.1 Clearing of Vegetation Around Aquatic Systems
3.1.2.2.2 Buildings of Dams and Barrages
3.1.2.2.3 Thermal Pollution
3.1.3 Significance of Water Temperature in Natural Aquatic Systems
3.1.3.1 Species Composition of Aquatic Biota
3.1.3.2 Solubility of Gases
3.1.3.3 Effect on Electrical Conductivity