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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Contents
1 An Introduction to Colloid Science and Colloidal Self-Assembly
1.1 What is a Colloid?
1.2 Why Do We Study the Self-Assembly of Colloidal Particles?
1.2.1 To Elucidate Colloidal Assembly in Nature
1.2.2 As Models to Study the Phase Behavior of Atomic and Molecular Systems
1.2.3 As Novel Materials
1.3 Outline of the Book
References
2 Fundamentals of Colloidal Self-Assembly
2.1 Stability and Stabilization of Colloids
2.2 Interaction Between Two Colloidal Particles
2.2.1 Interaction Pair Potential
2.2.2 Hard-Sphere Repulsion
2.2.3 Van der Waals Force
2.2.4 Electrostatic Interaction
2.2.5 Depletion Attraction
2.2.6 Total Potential and Stabilization of the Colloidal System
2.3 Crystallization of Various Colloids
2.3.1 Hard-Sphere Colloids
2.3.2 Charged Colloids
2.3.3 Depletion Attraction
2.4 Opal-Type Colloidal Crystals
References
3 Experimental Methods
3.1 Preparation of Colloidal Samples
3.1.1 Synthesis of Polystyrene Particle
3.1.2 Sample Purification
3.2 Characterization of Colloid
3.2.1 Particle Volume Fraction
3.2.2 Particle Size
3.2.3 Particle Surface Charge
3.3 Formations of Colloidal Crystals
3.3.1 Opal-Type Crystal
3.3.2 Charged Colloidal Crystals
3.3.3 Crystallization by Depletion Attraction
3.4 Characterization of Crystal Structure
3.4.1 Microscopy
3.4.2 Spectroscopy
3.4.3 Kikuchi-Kossel Diffraction
3.4.4 Scattering Experiments (USAXS)
References
4 Numerical Simulation Methods
4.1 Molecular Simulation: An Example
4.2 Methods of Data Analysis
4.3 Colloidal Systems
4.3.1 Brownian Motion as a Stochastic Process
4.3.2 Brownian Dynamics
4.3.3 Monte Carlo Method
4.4 Examples of Numerical Studies of Colloidal Systems
4.4.1 General Description of the Numerical Model
4.4.2 Charged Colloids
4.4.3 Numerical Simulation: Crystallization of Charged Colloids
4.4.4 Numerical Simulation: Clustering in Binary Charged Colloids
4.4.5 Numerical Simulation: Colloids with Added Polymers
References
5 Studies on Colloidal Self-Assembly
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Crystal Growth
5.1.2 Overview of This Chapter
5.2 Unidirectional Crystallization of Charged Colloids
5.2.1 Formation of Large Crystals by Addition of Base
5.2.2 Unidirectional Crystallization of Charged Colloids Under pH Gradients
5.2.3 Theoretical Growth Curve
5.3 Effect of Temperature on the Crystallization of Charged Colloids
5.3.1 Temperature Dependence of Electrostatic Interaction
5.3.2 Temperature Dependence of Base Dissociation
5.3.3 Temperature Dependence of Ionic Surfactant Adsorption
5.3.4 Crystallization Under Temperature Gradient
5.3.5 Zone Melting
5.4 Impurity Exclusions and Phase Separation
5.4.1 Behavior of Multicomponent Colloids
5.4.2 Impurity Exclusions on Crystallization
Preface
Contents
1 An Introduction to Colloid Science and Colloidal Self-Assembly
1.1 What is a Colloid?
1.2 Why Do We Study the Self-Assembly of Colloidal Particles?
1.2.1 To Elucidate Colloidal Assembly in Nature
1.2.2 As Models to Study the Phase Behavior of Atomic and Molecular Systems
1.2.3 As Novel Materials
1.3 Outline of the Book
References
2 Fundamentals of Colloidal Self-Assembly
2.1 Stability and Stabilization of Colloids
2.2 Interaction Between Two Colloidal Particles
2.2.1 Interaction Pair Potential
2.2.2 Hard-Sphere Repulsion
2.2.3 Van der Waals Force
2.2.4 Electrostatic Interaction
2.2.5 Depletion Attraction
2.2.6 Total Potential and Stabilization of the Colloidal System
2.3 Crystallization of Various Colloids
2.3.1 Hard-Sphere Colloids
2.3.2 Charged Colloids
2.3.3 Depletion Attraction
2.4 Opal-Type Colloidal Crystals
References
3 Experimental Methods
3.1 Preparation of Colloidal Samples
3.1.1 Synthesis of Polystyrene Particle
3.1.2 Sample Purification
3.2 Characterization of Colloid
3.2.1 Particle Volume Fraction
3.2.2 Particle Size
3.2.3 Particle Surface Charge
3.3 Formations of Colloidal Crystals
3.3.1 Opal-Type Crystal
3.3.2 Charged Colloidal Crystals
3.3.3 Crystallization by Depletion Attraction
3.4 Characterization of Crystal Structure
3.4.1 Microscopy
3.4.2 Spectroscopy
3.4.3 Kikuchi-Kossel Diffraction
3.4.4 Scattering Experiments (USAXS)
References
4 Numerical Simulation Methods
4.1 Molecular Simulation: An Example
4.2 Methods of Data Analysis
4.3 Colloidal Systems
4.3.1 Brownian Motion as a Stochastic Process
4.3.2 Brownian Dynamics
4.3.3 Monte Carlo Method
4.4 Examples of Numerical Studies of Colloidal Systems
4.4.1 General Description of the Numerical Model
4.4.2 Charged Colloids
4.4.3 Numerical Simulation: Crystallization of Charged Colloids
4.4.4 Numerical Simulation: Clustering in Binary Charged Colloids
4.4.5 Numerical Simulation: Colloids with Added Polymers
References
5 Studies on Colloidal Self-Assembly
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Crystal Growth
5.1.2 Overview of This Chapter
5.2 Unidirectional Crystallization of Charged Colloids
5.2.1 Formation of Large Crystals by Addition of Base
5.2.2 Unidirectional Crystallization of Charged Colloids Under pH Gradients
5.2.3 Theoretical Growth Curve
5.3 Effect of Temperature on the Crystallization of Charged Colloids
5.3.1 Temperature Dependence of Electrostatic Interaction
5.3.2 Temperature Dependence of Base Dissociation
5.3.3 Temperature Dependence of Ionic Surfactant Adsorption
5.3.4 Crystallization Under Temperature Gradient
5.3.5 Zone Melting
5.4 Impurity Exclusions and Phase Separation
5.4.1 Behavior of Multicomponent Colloids
5.4.2 Impurity Exclusions on Crystallization