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Table of Contents
Intro
Contents
List of Contributors
Abbreviations
Part I: Ventilatory Modes, Ventilators and Interfaces
1: Non-invasive Ventilation: Modes of Delivery and Interfaces
1.1 Modes of Delivery
1.2 Types of Interfaces
1.3 Choosing the Right Non-invasive Ventilation (NIV) Interfaces
References
2: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: High Flow CPAP
2.1 Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
2.1.1 Indications
2.2 High Flow CPAP
2.2.1 Indications
2.2.2 How to Start
2.3 Conclusions
References
3: High-Flow Nasal Cannula
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Mechanism of Action and Clinical Benefits
3.3 Researches
3.4 Clinical Indications
3.5 Contraindications
3.6 Complications
3.7 HFNC in the COVID-19 Pandemic
References
4: Humidification, Airway Secretions Management, and Aerosol Therapy
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Concept Humidity and Physiology and Role of the Upper Airway
4.2 Humidification Devices
4.3 Active Humidifiers
4.4 Assembly
4.5 Precautions and Monitoring for Active Humidifiers
4.6 Passive Humidifiers
4.7 Dead Space
4.8 Resistance
4.9 Active or Passive Humidification
4.10 Background Aerosol Therapy
4.11 Fundamentals of Aerosol Therapy
4.12 Device Effects
4.13 The Heliox Effect
4.14 Type of Aerosol Generator in the Circuit
4.15 Features of Breath
4.16 Dose Effect and the Time
4.17 High Flow Nasal Cannula Effect
4.18 Contemporary Applications of Aerosol Therapy in Critical Care: Focus on Antibiotics
4.19 Limits of Aerosol Therapy in Intensive Care
4.20 Conclusion
References
Part II: Methodology
5: Why and When to Start Non-invasive Ventilation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 General Criteria for Starting NIV
5.2.1 Indications and Contraindications of NIV
5.2.2 Selection of Patients Who Can Benefit from NIV
5.2.3 Selection of the NIV Interface
5.2.4 Selection of the Most Appropriate NIV Modality
5.3 Clinical Indications for Starting NIV in the Acute Setting
5.3.1 Acute Exacerbation of COPD
5.3.2 Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
5.3.3 Acute Exacerbation of Asthma
5.3.4 De Novo Acute Respiratory Failure
5.3.5 Coronavirus Disease-2019
5.3.6 Weaning from Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
5.3.7 NIV in the Prevention and Treatment of ARF after Extubation
5.3.8 NIV in Palliative Care
5.4 NIV in the Chronic Setting
5.4.1 Long-Term NIV in COPD
5.4.2 Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
5.4.3 NIV in Thoracic Restrictive Disorders and Neuromuscular Disease
5.5 Conclusions
References
Part III: Critical Care Applications of NIMV and Related Issues: Pre-hospital and Emergency Medicine
6: Non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Prehospital Medicine
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Indications, Contraindications, and Patient Selection
6.2.1 Indications
6.2.2 Contraindications
Contents
List of Contributors
Abbreviations
Part I: Ventilatory Modes, Ventilators and Interfaces
1: Non-invasive Ventilation: Modes of Delivery and Interfaces
1.1 Modes of Delivery
1.2 Types of Interfaces
1.3 Choosing the Right Non-invasive Ventilation (NIV) Interfaces
References
2: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: High Flow CPAP
2.1 Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
2.1.1 Indications
2.2 High Flow CPAP
2.2.1 Indications
2.2.2 How to Start
2.3 Conclusions
References
3: High-Flow Nasal Cannula
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Mechanism of Action and Clinical Benefits
3.3 Researches
3.4 Clinical Indications
3.5 Contraindications
3.6 Complications
3.7 HFNC in the COVID-19 Pandemic
References
4: Humidification, Airway Secretions Management, and Aerosol Therapy
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Concept Humidity and Physiology and Role of the Upper Airway
4.2 Humidification Devices
4.3 Active Humidifiers
4.4 Assembly
4.5 Precautions and Monitoring for Active Humidifiers
4.6 Passive Humidifiers
4.7 Dead Space
4.8 Resistance
4.9 Active or Passive Humidification
4.10 Background Aerosol Therapy
4.11 Fundamentals of Aerosol Therapy
4.12 Device Effects
4.13 The Heliox Effect
4.14 Type of Aerosol Generator in the Circuit
4.15 Features of Breath
4.16 Dose Effect and the Time
4.17 High Flow Nasal Cannula Effect
4.18 Contemporary Applications of Aerosol Therapy in Critical Care: Focus on Antibiotics
4.19 Limits of Aerosol Therapy in Intensive Care
4.20 Conclusion
References
Part II: Methodology
5: Why and When to Start Non-invasive Ventilation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 General Criteria for Starting NIV
5.2.1 Indications and Contraindications of NIV
5.2.2 Selection of Patients Who Can Benefit from NIV
5.2.3 Selection of the NIV Interface
5.2.4 Selection of the Most Appropriate NIV Modality
5.3 Clinical Indications for Starting NIV in the Acute Setting
5.3.1 Acute Exacerbation of COPD
5.3.2 Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
5.3.3 Acute Exacerbation of Asthma
5.3.4 De Novo Acute Respiratory Failure
5.3.5 Coronavirus Disease-2019
5.3.6 Weaning from Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
5.3.7 NIV in the Prevention and Treatment of ARF after Extubation
5.3.8 NIV in Palliative Care
5.4 NIV in the Chronic Setting
5.4.1 Long-Term NIV in COPD
5.4.2 Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
5.4.3 NIV in Thoracic Restrictive Disorders and Neuromuscular Disease
5.5 Conclusions
References
Part III: Critical Care Applications of NIMV and Related Issues: Pre-hospital and Emergency Medicine
6: Non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Prehospital Medicine
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Indications, Contraindications, and Patient Selection
6.2.1 Indications
6.2.2 Contraindications