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Table of Contents
1 Introduction
The Sea-Level Threat
Satellite Observation
Bureaucratic Entrepreneurship
The Narrative Ahead
2 The Coming of Seasat
The Apollo Illusion
Initiating
Thinking About the Oceans
Fletcher's Vision
Ozone Depletion
Stepping Stones to Seasat
Enlisting Carl Wunsch: A Scientific Gatekeeper
Seasat's Problems
Seasat Fails
3 Adopting TOPEX/Poseidon
W. Stanley Wilson
Connecting with Scientists
Going Abroad
Formulating a Program
Selling Science
Getting a Recommitment
Finding a Partner
The Vienna Debacle
An End-Run to a Beggs Decision
Oceanographic Resistance
Seeking Help
Wunsch's Legerdemain
Getting a "New Start"
4 Breakthrough for Sea-Level Rise
Developing Technology and Partnership
Post-Challenger: EOS Rises
A Sense of Momentum
Bush's Priorities
EOS vs. "the Ocean from Space"
EOS Under Fire
Wilson Departs
Close Calls
The Launch
A Triumph and Surprise
Continuity a Must
5 Remaking a Mission
Fisk and Tilford Go
Kennel and Townsend
Sea-Level Findings
Reshaping Earth Science
The Politics of Climate Change
Consolidation
Extending TOPEX/Poseidon
GRACE
Lindstrom
Defending NASA
From Townsend to Asrar
6 High Hopes
Relinquishing EOS Follow-Ons
NPOESS
Enlisting EUMETSAT
Moving Toward the Poles
7 "At Risk of Collapse"
Initially: Good News
Innovating Jason-2
Synergy for Sea-Level Rise
James Hansen and Asrar
Earth Scientists Complain
Partnering Problems
Michael Griffin as Administrator
Decadal Survey Interim Report
TOPEX/Poseidon Ends
Hansen Controversy Climaxes
Adopting Jason-2
The NPOESS Crisis
Reactions
Where Next?
8 Rebuilding Begins
Instilling Confidence
Using the Decadal Survey
The NRC Decadal Survey
Reactions
Research Strategy
Congress
Prioritizing ICESAT-2
Jason-2 Launches
Decision-Making for Jason-3
9 Gaining Momentum
Polar Melting
NOAA's Role
Obama's Policy Change
Garver vs. Freilich
A "Climate-Centric" Agenda
Reality Check
Looking for Partners
IPCC
Nelson Hearings
Establishing a Sea-Level Change Team
SWOT
10 Taking "The Lead"
NOAA's Dilemma
Fighting
The Zwally Dispute
Freilich Bends and Accepts "The Lead"
Trump as Catalyst
11 Mounting Defense
Reassuring Scientists
NASA Leadership
The First Trump Budget
Strengthening NASA's Defense
The Decadal Survey
The Sea-Level Change Team
Bridenstine Takes Command
Launching
Freilich Decides to Leave
Jason-3
The Rhythm of Innovation
An Administrator's Legacy
12 Advancing
Unshackling NASA
The Earth System Observatory
The Era Ahead
An Expanded Partnership
13 Conclusion
Policy Innovation
A Unifying Goal
A Supportive Constituency
Administrative Leadership
The Initiator: Stanley Wilson,.-9-1992
The Remaker: Charles Kennel,.-4-1996
The Consolidator: William Townsend,.-6-1998
The Embattled Maintainer: Ghassem Asrar,.-8-2006
The Rebuilder and Institutionalizer: Michael Freilich, 2006-2019
Toward the Future.
The Sea-Level Threat
Satellite Observation
Bureaucratic Entrepreneurship
The Narrative Ahead
2 The Coming of Seasat
The Apollo Illusion
Initiating
Thinking About the Oceans
Fletcher's Vision
Ozone Depletion
Stepping Stones to Seasat
Enlisting Carl Wunsch: A Scientific Gatekeeper
Seasat's Problems
Seasat Fails
3 Adopting TOPEX/Poseidon
W. Stanley Wilson
Connecting with Scientists
Going Abroad
Formulating a Program
Selling Science
Getting a Recommitment
Finding a Partner
The Vienna Debacle
An End-Run to a Beggs Decision
Oceanographic Resistance
Seeking Help
Wunsch's Legerdemain
Getting a "New Start"
4 Breakthrough for Sea-Level Rise
Developing Technology and Partnership
Post-Challenger: EOS Rises
A Sense of Momentum
Bush's Priorities
EOS vs. "the Ocean from Space"
EOS Under Fire
Wilson Departs
Close Calls
The Launch
A Triumph and Surprise
Continuity a Must
5 Remaking a Mission
Fisk and Tilford Go
Kennel and Townsend
Sea-Level Findings
Reshaping Earth Science
The Politics of Climate Change
Consolidation
Extending TOPEX/Poseidon
GRACE
Lindstrom
Defending NASA
From Townsend to Asrar
6 High Hopes
Relinquishing EOS Follow-Ons
NPOESS
Enlisting EUMETSAT
Moving Toward the Poles
7 "At Risk of Collapse"
Initially: Good News
Innovating Jason-2
Synergy for Sea-Level Rise
James Hansen and Asrar
Earth Scientists Complain
Partnering Problems
Michael Griffin as Administrator
Decadal Survey Interim Report
TOPEX/Poseidon Ends
Hansen Controversy Climaxes
Adopting Jason-2
The NPOESS Crisis
Reactions
Where Next?
8 Rebuilding Begins
Instilling Confidence
Using the Decadal Survey
The NRC Decadal Survey
Reactions
Research Strategy
Congress
Prioritizing ICESAT-2
Jason-2 Launches
Decision-Making for Jason-3
9 Gaining Momentum
Polar Melting
NOAA's Role
Obama's Policy Change
Garver vs. Freilich
A "Climate-Centric" Agenda
Reality Check
Looking for Partners
IPCC
Nelson Hearings
Establishing a Sea-Level Change Team
SWOT
10 Taking "The Lead"
NOAA's Dilemma
Fighting
The Zwally Dispute
Freilich Bends and Accepts "The Lead"
Trump as Catalyst
11 Mounting Defense
Reassuring Scientists
NASA Leadership
The First Trump Budget
Strengthening NASA's Defense
The Decadal Survey
The Sea-Level Change Team
Bridenstine Takes Command
Launching
Freilich Decides to Leave
Jason-3
The Rhythm of Innovation
An Administrator's Legacy
12 Advancing
Unshackling NASA
The Earth System Observatory
The Era Ahead
An Expanded Partnership
13 Conclusion
Policy Innovation
A Unifying Goal
A Supportive Constituency
Administrative Leadership
The Initiator: Stanley Wilson,.-9-1992
The Remaker: Charles Kennel,.-4-1996
The Consolidator: William Townsend,.-6-1998
The Embattled Maintainer: Ghassem Asrar,.-8-2006
The Rebuilder and Institutionalizer: Michael Freilich, 2006-2019
Toward the Future.