2.4 Role of Photoprotective Phytochemicals Derived from Algae in Pharmaceutical Industries
2.5 Role of Photoprotective Phytochemicals Derived from Algae in Food and Food Colorant
2.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Bioprospection of Photoprotective Compounds from Cyanobacteria
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Reactive Oxygen Species Generated in Cyanobacteria Due to Photodamage
3.2.1 Singlet Oxygen (1O2)
3.2.2 Superoxide Radicals (O2)
3.2.3 Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)
3.2.4 Hydroxyl Radicals (OH-)
3.3 Cyanobacterial Defence
3.3.1 Ascorbate
3.3.2 [alpha]-Tocopherol

Intro
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1: Photobiology: Historical Background, Sources, and Complications
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Historical Background
1.3 Sources of Radiation
1.3.1 Natural Sources of Radiation
1.3.1.1 Solar Radiation
1.3.1.2 Terrestrial Radiation
1.3.1.3 Inhalation
1.3.1.4 Environmental Radiation
1.3.1.5 Radionuclides in the Earth's Crust
1.3.1.6 Internal Radiation
1.3.2 Anthropogenic Sources of Radiation
1.3.2.1 Medical X-Rays
1.3.2.2 Radioisotopes
1.3.2.3 Nuclear Tests

1.3.2.4 Radioactive Fallout
1.3.2.5 Nuclear Reactors
1.3.2.6 Nuclear Power Plants
1.3.2.7 Nuclear Installations
1.3.2.8 Radioactive Ore Processing
1.3.2.9 Industrial, Medical, and Research Uses of Radioactive Materials
1.3.2.10 Radiation Pollution from Electric Fields
1.4 Complications Caused by Radiation
1.4.1 Effects of Radiation
1.4.2 Types of Effects of Radiation
1.4.3 Radiation Exposure Pathways
1.4.4 Lapse of Time After Exposure and Its Effects
1.4.5 Radiosensitivity of Tissues and Organs
1.5 Conclusion
References

Chapter 2: Algal Photoprotective Phytochemicals: Sources and Potential Applications
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Photoprotective Phytochemicals Derived from Algae
2.2.1 Phycocolloids
2.2.2 Carrageenan
2.2.3 Fucoidan
2.2.4 Phlorotannins
2.2.5 Carotenoids
2.2.6 Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids
2.2.7 Scytonemin
2.2.8 Sporopollenin
2.2.9 Polyphenolic Compounds
2.2.10 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA)
2.2.11 Tocopherol
2.2.12 Terpenoids
2.3 Applications of Photoprotective Phytochemicals Derived from Algae in Cosmetics
2.3.1 Anti-ageing Properties
2.3.2 Hair Care

3.3.3 Carotenoids
3.3.4 Applications of Cyanobacterial Carotenoids
3.3.5 Orange Carotenoid Protein (OCP)
3.4 Ultraviolet Radiation Protective Compounds
3.4.1 Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids (MAAs)
3.4.2 Scytonemin
3.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Photoprotective Compounds: Diversity, Biosynthetic Pathway and Genetic Regulation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Photoprotective Compounds and Their Role Against UV Radiation
4.2.1 Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids
4.2.2 Usnic Acid and Parietin
4.2.3 Lycopodine
4.2.4 Melanin
4.2.5 Phenylpropanoids
4.2.6 Flavonoids