Intro
Foreword 1
Foreword 2
Preface
Background to Writing This Book on Orthopaedic Trauma Implantology
Contents
About the Editors
Section Editors
Contributors
Part I: General Introduction to Orthopaedic Trauma Implantology
1 The Science, Art, and Commerce of Orthopaedic Trauma Implantology: How to Use This Book
Introduction
What Has Changed in Orthopaedic Traumatology over the Years?
Why Are There So Many Different Kinds of Trauma Implants?
What Are Orthopaedic Trauma Implants?

Factors Which Influence Implantology and Choice and Evolutions of Implants
Rationale of Trauma Implants
Objective of a Trauma Implant and How It Works
Management of Fractures Without Implants
Management of Fractures with Implants
Reduce
Retain (with Implants)
Plates and Screws
Rigid Nails
TENs (Titanium Elastic Nails)
External Fixators
Cannulated Screws
Kirchner Wires
Stainless Steel Wires and Cables
Replacement of Fractured Bones with Prosthesis
Rehabilitation
Bone Augmentation Techniques
Conclusion
References

2 The Drivers of Change in Orthopaedic Trauma Implant Designs
Introduction
Patient-Driven Demands
Fracture-Driven Demands
Surgeon-Driven Demands
Infrastructure-Driven Demands
Medical and Ancillary Infrastructure (Non-exhaustive List)
Surgical and Ancillary Infrastructure (Non-exhaustive List)
Impact of Material Sciences and Progress in Other Non-medical Specialities
Industry-Driven Demands
War-Driven Demands
Conclusion
References
3 Defining the Clinical and Radiological Endpoint of a Successfully Fixed Fracture
Introduction
Clinical Features

Radiological Features
Callus and Consolidation on Radiographs
Computerized Tomography (CT)
Ultrasound
Conclusion
References
4 Trying to Predict Implant Failure in Orthopaedic Traumatology
Introduction
Predictors for Defect in Biology
Intrinsic
Patient Characteristics Associated Factors
Immune Response to Implants
Trauma Pattern Associated Factors
Condition Where Achieving Rigid Union Is Not the Aim
Effect of Lever Arm on Implant Failure
High-Energy Trauma Versus Low-Energy Trauma
Direct Versus Indirect Injury
Extrinsic

Surgeon Associated Factors
Relative Stability
Problems with Fixation
Plates and Screws
Conventional Plates
Locking Plates and Locking Screws
Intramedullary Nails and External Fixators
Predictors for Failure of IM Nails
External Fixator
Predictors for Defect in Metallurgy
Implant Associated Factors
Predictors
Improper Manufacture and Handing of Implants
Poor Certification/Testing of the Implants
Conclusion
References
5 Orthopaedic Nails Versus Orthopaedic Plates: An Evolutionary Tale for Dominance and Relevance
Introduction