1 Introduction: Islam, Religious Authority and Islamist Movements in the Age of Globalisation
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Globalisation, Islam and Secularism
1.3 Globalisation, Social Movements and Resistance: The Case of Islamist Movements
1.4 Islam, Religious Authority and Islamism
1.5 Crisis of Religious Authority: The Role of Social Media, IT and the Internet
1.6 Objectives and Methodology of the Book
1.7 Structure of the Book
References
2 Globalisation, Identity and Resistance
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Conceptualising Globalisation: Issues and Implications
2.3 Winners, Losers and the Pluralisation of a Singular Term
2.4 The Shift From Globalisation to Glocalisation
2.5 Unpacking the Dialectics of Identity in a Globalised World
2.6 Social Identity Approach to Globalisation
2.7 Factors Influencing Group Social Comparison
2.8 Culture
2.9 Group Identity and Personal Benefit
2.10 Threat to Identity
2.11 Limitations of Social Identity and Self-Categorisation Theories
2.12 Globalised Western Culture: Universal Values and Exclusionary Tendencies
2.13 Vectors of Opposition to Globalised Western Culture
2.14 Particularistic Opposition
2.15 Universalistic Opposition
2.16 Power and Organised Resistance
2.17 Beyond Modern Globalisation: Investigating Early Ties Between Europe and the Muslim World
2.18 Globalisation at the Crossroads: Muslim World's Diverse Responses and Interpretations
2.19 Clash or Convergence? Globalisation's Dual Effect on Civilisational Identity Conflicts
2.20 Conclusion
References
3 Islamist Movements: Evolution, Approaches and Contestation
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Globalisation, Social Movements and Transnational Public Sphere
3.3 Islamist Movements: Terminology and the Basics
3.4 Approaches to the Study of Islamist Movements
3.5 Historical Approach
3.6 Political Economy and Sociological Approaches
3.7 Towards an Integrated Approach
3.8 Islamist Movements and Democratic Politics
3.9 Islamist Movements as Social Movements
3.10 Islamism in Transition: Neo-Fundamentalism and Post-Islamist Politics
3.11 Islamism and the Ills of Globalisation
3.12 Islamism and Religious Authority
3.13 Conclusion
References
4 Religious Authority in Islam: Resilient Patterns of Evolution From the Formative Period to Contemporary Times
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Authority in Sunni Islam: An Overview
4.3 Sources of Religious Authority in Sunni Islam
4.4 H adıt̄ h and Religious Authority
4.5 Religious Authority in Shi'ı̄ Islam: Charisma and Hereditary Succession
4.6 Religious Authority and the Imams in Shi'ı̄ Islam
4.7 The Heirs of the Prophet
4.8 Authority in the First Centuries of Islam
4.9 Decline of the Caliphate
4.10 The Role of Qadis in Upholding Islamic Law and Ethics
4.11 Qur'an̄ , Models of Authority and the Caliphate
4.12 Religious Authority, Traditional Society and Religious Movement
4.13 Sunni Legacy, Shia Lineage: Unravelling the Origins of Al-Azhar University
4.14 Reimagining Islamic Authority: Metamorphosis and Continuity in a Globalised World
4.15 Strategies for Establishing Authority: The Case of International Union of Muslim Scholars (IUMS)
4.16 Conclusion
References
5 Mapping the Terrain of Islamism and Religious Authority: Insights from the Middle East, Southeast Asia and South Asia
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Islamism, State and Politics
5.3 Globalisation and the Revival of the Muslim Ummah
5.4 Reasserting Authority in the Middle East: Traditional Islamic Institutions in Response to Crisis
5.5 Egypt
5.6 Tunisia
5.7 Saudi Arabia and Qatar
5.8 Turkey
5.9 Southeast Asia
5.10 Indonesia
5.11 Malaysia
5.12 South Asia
5.13 Religious Pluralism and the Paradox of Sufism in South Asia
5.14 Rise of the 'Ulamā
5.15 The Rise of Religio-Political Leaders
5.16 Conclusion
References
6 Islamism in the Digital Age: The Role of Cyberspace in Transforming Religious Authority
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Islam, Social Media and Technology
6.3 Religious Authority and Digital Cyberspace
6.4 The Internet, Digital Communication and New Religious Authority Figures
6.5 Islamism and Decentralisation of Religious Authority: The Case of ISIS or ISIL
6.6 ISIS, Salafism and Islamist Claims to Religious Authority
6.7 Changing Digital Spaces: ISIS or ISIL, the Cyber Caliphate and the Internet
6.8 Countering Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL or ISIS or Daesh) Online
6.9 The Proliferation of Interpretations: Media, Education and the Marginalisation of Traditional Scholars
6.10 Navigating the Digital Divide: The Intersection of the Internet and Radicalisation
6.11 Conclusion
References
7 Conclusion: Globalisation, Islamism and People's Participation in Religious Discourse and Expression
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Challenges to Religious Authority
7.3 The Future of Islamist Movements
7.4 One Islamism or Many?
7.5 Beyond the Uniformity
7.6 Political Systems and Authoritarian Regimes in the Muslim World
7.7 The Global Power Structure and US Foreign Policy
7.8 Islam in the Digital Age
7.9 Countering the Crisis of Authority: The Possibilities for Change
References.