Intro
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Contributors
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Diagnosis of Mycobacterium
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Laboratory Diagnosis of Mycobacterium
1.3 Conventional Methods
1.3.1 Microscopy
1.3.2 Culture
1.4 Radiological Methods
1.5 Molecular Diagnosis
1.6 Immunological Methods
1.6.1 Antigen Detection
1.6.2 Antibody Detection
1.6.3 Tuberculin Skin Test or PPD Test
1.6.4 Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs)
1.7 Newer TB Diagnosis
1.8 Conclusions

References
Chapter 2: Clinical and Radiological Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Available Diagnostic Tests for TB [7, 8]
2.3 Clinical Suspicion of Tuberculosis
2.4 Intrathoracic TB
2.5 Chest Radiology
2.5.1 Radiological Manifestations of TB
2.6 Lymph Node Tuberculosis (TBL)
2.7 CNS Tuberculosis
2.8 Abdominal Tuberculosis
2.9 Osteoarticular TB
2.9.1 Pott's Spine
2.9.2 TB Dactylitis (Short Bones)
2.9.3 TB Arthritis
2.10 Summary of Imaging Findings
2.11 Learning Points
References
Chapter 3: Pathology-Based Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Histopathological Techniques for the Diagnosis of TB
3.2.1 Tissue Staining Methods
3.2.2 Microscopic Examination
3.2.3 Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
3.2.4 Mycobacterial Culturing
3.3 Pathological Manifestations of TB
3.3.1 Pulmonary TB (PTB)
3.3.2 Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB)
3.4 Differential Diagnosis of TB
3.4.1 Actinomycosis
3.4.2 Aspergillosis
3.4.3 Bronchiectasis
3.4.4 Fungal Pneumonia
3.4.5 Histoplasmosis
3.4.6 Lung Abscess
3.4.7 Nocardiosis
3.4.8 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
3.4.9 Sarcoidosis

3.5 Future Prospective for Pathology-Based Diagnosis of TB
3.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Assessment of Haematological and Biochemical Parameters in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Tuberculosis
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Haematological Parameters
4.2.1 Anaemia
4.2.2 Leucocyte Abnormalities
4.2.3 Platelet
4.2.4 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
4.2.5 Rare Manifestations of TB
4.2.6 Drug-Induced Changes
4.3 Biochemical Parameters
4.3.1 Sodium
4.3.2 Potassium
4.3.3 Calcium
4.3.4 Albumin
4.3.5 Liver Function Test (LFT)

4.3.6 Adenosine Deaminase (ADA)
4.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Different Methods of Microscopic and Bacteriological Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Culture
5.2.1 Sample Collection and Processing
5.2.2 Culture on Solid Media
5.2.3 Culture in Liquid Media
5.2.4 Automated Liquid Culture
5.3 Microscopic Examination
5.3.1 Light Microscopy: Ziehl-Neelsen Staining
5.3.2 Fluorescent Microscopy
5.3.3 Reporting of Microscopy Results
5.4 Advanced Microscopy for Mycobacterial Research
5.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Molecular Diagnosis of Tuberculosis