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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Brief Introduction
Contents
Part I Fundamentals of Wind Turbine Aerodynamics
1 Physical Properties of Air
1.1 Continuum Assumption
1.2 Pressure, Density, and Temperature
1.2.1 Definitions of Pressure, Density, and Temperature
1.2.2 Ideal Gas Equation of State
1.3 Compressibility, Viscosity, and Thermal Conductivity
1.3.1 Compressibility
1.3.2 Viscosity
1.3.3 Thermal Conductivity
1.4 Inviscid and Incompressible Assumptions
1.4.1 Inviscid Assumption
1.4.2 Incompressible Assumption
References
2 Description of Air Motion
2.1 Motion of Fluid Microelements
2.1.1 Analysis of Fluid Microelement Motion
2.1.2 Velocity Divergence and Its Physical Meaning
2.1.3 Curl and Velocity Potential Function
2.2 Continuity Equation
2.3 Governing Equations of Inviscid Flow
2.3.1 Euler Equations of Motion
2.3.2 Bernoulli Equation
2.4 Governing Equations of Viscous Flow
2.5 Viscous Boundary Layer
2.5.1 Concept of the Boundary Layer
2.5.2 Boundary-Layer Thickness
2.5.3 Pressure Characteristics in the Boundary Layer
2.5.4 Boundary-Layer Equations
2.5.5 Flow Separation
2.6 Basic Concepts of Turbulence
2.7 Turbulent Wind in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
2.7.1 Basic Characteristics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
2.7.2 Characteristics of the Mean Wind Speed
2.7.3 Characteristics of Turbulent Wind
References
3 Fundamentals of Airfoils
3.1 Airfoil Geometry
3.1.1 Geometric Parameters of Airfoil
3.1.2 Numbering of Typical Airfoils
3.1.3 Parametric Description of Airfoil Geometry
3.2 Aerodynamics of Airfoils
3.2.1 Flow Around Airfoil
3.2.2 Aerodynamic Coefficients of Airfoil
3.2.3 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Airfoil
References
Part II Blade Element Momentum Method
4 Steady Blade Element Momentum Method
4.1 Momentum Theory
4.2 BEM Theory
4.3 Effect of Blade Number
4.4 Effect of High Thrust Coefficient
4.5 Iterative Solution of BEM Method
4.6 Calculation Example
References
5 Correction Models
5.1 Tip-Loss Correction Models
5.1.1 Prandtl Model
5.1.2 Glauert Series Models
5.1.3 Goldstein Model
5.1.4 Shen Model
5.1.5 Zhong Model
5.1.6 Blade-Root Correction
5.2 3D Rotational Model
5.2.1 Category 1 Models
5.2.2 Category 2 Models
5.3 Dynamic Stall Model
5.3.1 Beddoes-Leishman Model
5.3.2 ye Model
5.3.3 ONERA Model
5.3.4 Boeing-Vertol Model
5.3.5 Coupling of Dynamic Stall Model and 3D Rotational Effects
References
6 Unsteady Blade Element Momentum Method
6.1 Coordinate Transformation
6.2 Calculation of induced Velocity
6.3 Dynamic Inflow Model
6.4 Dynamic Wake Model
6.5 Yaw/Tilt Model
6.6 Calculation Steps of Unsteady BEM Method
References
Part III Vortex Wake Method
7 Fundamentals of Vortex Theory
7.1 Vortex Lines, Vortex Tubes, and Vortex Strength
7.2 Velocity Circulation and Stokes Theorem
7.3 Biot-Savart Law
Preface
Brief Introduction
Contents
Part I Fundamentals of Wind Turbine Aerodynamics
1 Physical Properties of Air
1.1 Continuum Assumption
1.2 Pressure, Density, and Temperature
1.2.1 Definitions of Pressure, Density, and Temperature
1.2.2 Ideal Gas Equation of State
1.3 Compressibility, Viscosity, and Thermal Conductivity
1.3.1 Compressibility
1.3.2 Viscosity
1.3.3 Thermal Conductivity
1.4 Inviscid and Incompressible Assumptions
1.4.1 Inviscid Assumption
1.4.2 Incompressible Assumption
References
2 Description of Air Motion
2.1 Motion of Fluid Microelements
2.1.1 Analysis of Fluid Microelement Motion
2.1.2 Velocity Divergence and Its Physical Meaning
2.1.3 Curl and Velocity Potential Function
2.2 Continuity Equation
2.3 Governing Equations of Inviscid Flow
2.3.1 Euler Equations of Motion
2.3.2 Bernoulli Equation
2.4 Governing Equations of Viscous Flow
2.5 Viscous Boundary Layer
2.5.1 Concept of the Boundary Layer
2.5.2 Boundary-Layer Thickness
2.5.3 Pressure Characteristics in the Boundary Layer
2.5.4 Boundary-Layer Equations
2.5.5 Flow Separation
2.6 Basic Concepts of Turbulence
2.7 Turbulent Wind in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
2.7.1 Basic Characteristics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
2.7.2 Characteristics of the Mean Wind Speed
2.7.3 Characteristics of Turbulent Wind
References
3 Fundamentals of Airfoils
3.1 Airfoil Geometry
3.1.1 Geometric Parameters of Airfoil
3.1.2 Numbering of Typical Airfoils
3.1.3 Parametric Description of Airfoil Geometry
3.2 Aerodynamics of Airfoils
3.2.1 Flow Around Airfoil
3.2.2 Aerodynamic Coefficients of Airfoil
3.2.3 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Airfoil
References
Part II Blade Element Momentum Method
4 Steady Blade Element Momentum Method
4.1 Momentum Theory
4.2 BEM Theory
4.3 Effect of Blade Number
4.4 Effect of High Thrust Coefficient
4.5 Iterative Solution of BEM Method
4.6 Calculation Example
References
5 Correction Models
5.1 Tip-Loss Correction Models
5.1.1 Prandtl Model
5.1.2 Glauert Series Models
5.1.3 Goldstein Model
5.1.4 Shen Model
5.1.5 Zhong Model
5.1.6 Blade-Root Correction
5.2 3D Rotational Model
5.2.1 Category 1 Models
5.2.2 Category 2 Models
5.3 Dynamic Stall Model
5.3.1 Beddoes-Leishman Model
5.3.2 ye Model
5.3.3 ONERA Model
5.3.4 Boeing-Vertol Model
5.3.5 Coupling of Dynamic Stall Model and 3D Rotational Effects
References
6 Unsteady Blade Element Momentum Method
6.1 Coordinate Transformation
6.2 Calculation of induced Velocity
6.3 Dynamic Inflow Model
6.4 Dynamic Wake Model
6.5 Yaw/Tilt Model
6.6 Calculation Steps of Unsteady BEM Method
References
Part III Vortex Wake Method
7 Fundamentals of Vortex Theory
7.1 Vortex Lines, Vortex Tubes, and Vortex Strength
7.2 Velocity Circulation and Stokes Theorem
7.3 Biot-Savart Law