Intro
Preface
Contents
Contributors
Part I Operational Prediction Systems
1 History and Status of Atmospheric Dynamical Core Model Development in China
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Early Works
1.3 Modern Era
1.3.1 BCC-AGCM
1.3.2 CAMS-CSM
1.3.3 GAMIL
1.3.4 GRAPES
1.3.5 GRIST
1.3.6 iAMAS
1.3.7 IAP-AGCM
1.3.8 MCV Dynamical Core
1.3.9 SAMIL/FAMIL
1.3.10 YUNMA
1.4 Summary
References
2 Development of Operational NWP in Korea: Historical Perspective
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Historical Background
2.3 Model
2.4 Data Assimilation

2.5 Entering Second Phase Development
References
3 Development of the RMAPS-STv2.0 Hourly Rapid Updated Catch-up Cycling Assimilation and Forecast System
3.1 Overview of the IUM Hourly Forecasting System
3.2 The Operational Framework of the Hourly Updated Forecast System
3.2.1 Incremental Analysis Updated Initialization Scheme
3.2.2 Fast Catch-up Cycling Strategy
3.2.3 The Flow of the Hourly Rapid Updated Cycling Forecasting System
3.3 Data Assimilation of Hourly Observations
3.3.1 Dynamic Blending Scheme
3.3.2 National Radar Reflectivity Mosaic Data Assimilation

3.3.3 Assimilation of National Wind Profiler Observation
3.4 Optimization of Physical Parameterization Schemes
3.4.1 Radiation, Planetary Boundary and Surface-Layer Physics
3.4.2 Precipitating Cumulus and Shallow Convection Processes
3.5 Verification
3.6 Summary
References
4 The Operational Run of the Newly Developed KIM and Update Efforts at Korea Meteorological Administration
4.1 Operational Launch of Korean Integrated Model (KIM)
4.2 Updates of KIM
4.3 Outstanding Issues and Future Plan
4.4 The Performance of KIM
References

Part II Physical Parameterization and Optimization
5 Vertical Turbulent Mixing in Atmospheric Models
5.1 Historical Overview
5.2 Concept and Classification
5.2.1 Local Diffusion (Louis 1979)
5.2.2 Nonlocal Diffusion with Countergradient Term (Troen and Mahrt 1986)
5.2.3 Nonlocal Diffusion with Eddy Mass-Flux Term (Siebesma et al. 2007)
5.2.4 TKE (Turbulent Kinetic Energy) Diffusion (Mellor and Yamada 1982)
5.3 Evolution of a Nonlocal Diffusion Scheme (MRF-YSU-ShinHong-3DTKE Schemes)
5.3.1 Medium-Range Forecast Model (MRF) Scheme
5.3.2 YSU Scheme

5.3.3 Shin-Hong PBL Scheme
5.3.4 3D TKE-Based Scale-Aware Scheme (3D TKE, Zhang et al. 2018)
5.4 Future Directions
References
6 Novel Physical Parameterizations in Vegetated Land Surface Processes for Carbon Allocations and Snow-Covered Surface Albedo
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Model and Data Description
6.2.1 Carbon Allocation Experiments
6.2.2 Snow-Covered Surface Albedo Experiments
6.3 Development of Parameterization Schemes
6.3.1 Carbon Allocation Parameterization
6.3.2 Snow-Covered Surface Albedo Parameterization
6.4 Validation Results