Intro
Preface
Contents
Biomineralization in Living Organisms and Nature-Like Materials
Ectopic Mineralization Following Liver Transplantation-Mechanisms, Risks, and Management: A Review
1 Introduction
2 Organ Transplantation and Ectopic Calcification
3 Ectopic Mineralization After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (OLT)
4 Pathological Mechanisms of Ectopic Mineralization After Liver Transplantation
5 The Therapeutic Modalities for Ectopic Mineralization
5.1 Systemically Targeted Therapeutic Modalities
5.2 Molecular Pathways Targeted Therapeutic Modalities.

5.3 Apoptotic, Necrosis and Cell Death Targeted Modalities
6 Concluding Remarks: Recent Advancements
References
Crosslinking Mechanisms in the Designing of Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications: A Review
1 Introduction
2 Physical Crosslinking
2.1 Dehydrothermal (DHT) Method
2.2 Irradiation Application
2.3 Electron Beam Application
2.4 Plasma Method
2.5 UV Light Application
3 Chemical Crosslinking
3.1 Small Molecule Application
3.2 NHS Esters Application
3.3 Sulfhydryl-Reactive Groups Application (Case of Maleimides)

3.4 Carbonyl-Reactive Groups Applications
4 Enzyme Crosslinking
5 Conclusion: Recent Advancements
References
Odontomas of Contemporary Humans and Animals: The Morphology and Composition
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Samples
2.2 Methods
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Synthesis and Properties of Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Biopolymer Composite Materials
1 Introduction
2 Experimental
2.1 Synthesis
2.2 Synthesis
2.3 Methods and Approaches
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 HA-Ch composites

3.2 Caffolds on the base of HA-Ch
3.3 Mg-HA-Ch composites
4 Conclusions
References
Co-Bearing Hydroxyapatite: Synthesis, Thermal Stability, Crystal Chemistry, Magnetic Properties
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Synthesis
2.2 Experimental Techniques
3 Results
3.1 Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD)
3.2 IR Spectroscopy
3.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) Microanalysis
3.4 Magnetization Measurements.
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References

Effect of Amino Acids on Hydroxyapatite Synthesized from Solutions Modeling Human Joint Synovia Fluid: Case of Glycine and Proline
1 Introduction
2 Experimental
2.1 Synthesis
2.2 Methods and Approaches
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 X-ray Powder Diffraction
3.2 IR Spectrometry
3.3 BET and SEM
3.4 Thermal Analysis
3.5 Dissolution Kinetics Study
4 Conclusions
References
Calcium and Magnesium Glutamates: Structure Calculations and IR Spectra by HF and DFT Methods
1 Introduction
2 Calculations and Experimental
2.1 Calculation by DTF and HF Methods