Intro
Preface
Contents
1: Allergy and Pollen
1.1 What Is Allergy?
1.2 The Overview of Allergic Immune Mechanism
1.3 Who Has Allergic?
1.4 What Is Aeroallergen?
1.5 Pollen as Aeroallergen
1.6 Evaluation of Pollen Allergy
1.7 Factors Influencing Clinical Significance of Pollen
References
2: The Formation of Pollen
2.1 The Production of Pollen
2.2 Pollination
2.3 Characteristics of Wind-Pollinated Plant
2.4 Allergens of Pollen
2.4.1 Tree Pollen
2.4.1.1 Birch
2.4.1.2 Japanese Cedar
2.4.1.3 Alder
2.4.1.4 Oak

2.4.2 Grass Pollen
2.4.3 Weed Pollen
2.4.3.1 Ragweed
2.4.3.2 Mugwort
2.4.3.3 Japanese Hop
2.4.3.4 English Plantain
References
3: Pollen Collection and Counting
3.1 Purpose of Standardized Air Sampling
3.2 Samplers
3.2.1 Passive Gravity Slides
3.2.2 Rotorod Impact
3.2.3 Slit Suction Type-Volumetric Spore Traps (Periodic or Constant)
3.2.4 Burkard 7-Day Recording Volumetric Spore Trap
3.2.5 Personal Volumetric Air Sampler (Slide Mode for Non-viable Particles)
3.3 Operation
3.3.1 Burkard 7-Day Recording Volumetric Trap

3.3.1.1 Location and Height
3.3.1.2 Desired Sampling Period
3.3.1.3 Adhesives
3.3.1.4 Mountants
3.3.1.5 Preparing the Drum
3.3.1.6 Changing the Drum
3.3.1.7 Sampling and Flow Rate
3.3.1.8 Cutting the Tape
3.3.1.9 Mounting and Preparing the Slides
3.3.1.10 Stains
3.3.1.11 Microscopy
3.3.1.12 Identification
3.3.1.13 Collection of Reference Slides
3.3.1.14 Atlases, Monographs, Literature, and Manuals
3.3.1.15 Analysis
3.3.1.15.1 Method of Counting
3.3.1.15.2 Counting/Enumeration Technique
3.3.1.16 Conversion

3.3.1.16.1 Burkard Version
3.3.1.16.2 Recommended Conversion Formula
3.3.1.16.3 Interpretation of Results
3.3.1.17 Meteorological Effects
3.3.1.18 Maintenance and Safety
3.3.1.19 Checklist
3.3.1.20 Conversion
3.3.1.21 Pollen Concentrations and Correction Factors
3.3.1.22 Using Eyepiece Graticules
3.3.1.23 Counting Conventions
3.3.1.24 Using Vernier Scales
3.3.2 Personal Volumetric Air Sampler
3.3.2.1 Operating Procedure
3.3.2.2 Adhesives
3.3.2.3 Method of Counting
3.3.2.4 Conversion
3.4 Automatic Pollen Monitoring

3.5 Pollen Identification
3.5.1 The Appearance of Grass Pollen Grains
3.5.1.1 Microscopic Appearance of Grass Pollen Grains
3.5.1.2 Grass Pollen Grain Contents
3.5.1.3 Grass Pollen Grains with Collapsed Walls
3.5.2 Other Pollen Grains
3.5.2.1 Dock Pollen
3.5.2.2 Plantain Pollen
3.6 The Importance of Pollen Counting
References
4: The Structure of Pollen
4.1 NPC Classification of Pollen Structure
4.2 Spectrum of Possible Pollen Types
4.3 Single Grains (Monads) Without Apertures
4.3.1 With Two Bladders (Vesiculate)