Intro
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Contributors
1: Bioenergy Crops in the Perspective of Climate Change
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Fossil Fuels and Global Climate Change
1.3 Mitigating Climate Change via Bioenergy Crops
1.4 Positive Impacts of Bioenergy Crops on Environment
1.5 Land-Use Change and Bioenergy Crops
1.6 Potential Bioenergy Crops
1.6.1 Maize
1.6.2 Sweet Sorghum
1.6.3 Sugarcane
1.6.4 Hemp
1.6.5 Jerusalem Artichoke
1.6.6 Switchgrass
1.6.7 Cardoon
1.7 Bioenergy Crops and Marginal Lands

1.8 Future of Bioenergy Crops
1.9 Conclusion
References
2: Major and Potential Biofuel Crops
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Maize (Zea mays L.)
2.1.2 Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
2.1.3 Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
2.1.4 Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris)
2.1.5 Soybean (Glycine max L.)
2.1.6 Rapeseed (Brassica napus)
2.1.7 Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis)
2.1.8 Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.)
2.2 Potential and Promising Biofuel Crops
2.2.1 Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
2.2.2 Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
2.2.3 Cassava (Manihot esculenta)

2.2.4 Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)
References
3: Biotechnological Approaches for the Production of Bioenergy
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Types of Bioenergy
3.2.1 Bioethanol
3.2.2 Biodiesel
3.2.3 Biohydrogen
3.3 Biotechnological Approaches for Biofuel Production
3.3.1 Isolation of Enzymes from Microbial Sources
3.3.1.1 Amylase and Cellulase Enzymes
Sources
Identification and Isolation of Enzymes from Microbial (Bacterial and Fungal) Sources
Identification of Bacteria and Fungi Producing Amylase and Cellulase
PCR Amplification of Specific Genes

Functional Gene Microarray
Metagenomic Analysis
Proteomic Analysis
Enzyme Screening
Enzyme Production
Cell Disruption
Enzyme Purification
Enzyme Characterization
3.3.2 Microbial Fermentation and Enzyme Hydrolysis for the Production of Bioenergy
3.3.2.1 Bioethanol
First- and Second-Generation Bioethanol Production
Feedstock Preparation for Bioethanol Production
Grinding and Milling of Feedstock
Pretreatment
Hydrolysis and Fermentation
Separation and Dehydration
3.3.2.2 Third Generation Bioethanol Production
3.3.2.3 Biodiesel

3.3.2.4 Feedstock Preparation
3.3.2.5 Transesterification
3.3.2.6 Separation
3.3.2.7 Washing and Drying
3.3.2.8 Storage and Distribution
3.3.2.9 Biohydrogen
Dark Fermentation
Photo Fermentation
Algal Hydrogen Production
Biophotolysis
3.4 Genetic Engineering and Bioenergy Production
3.4.1 Plant Biomass Yield Improvement
3.4.2 Improving the Conversion of Plant Biomass into Biofuels
3.4.3 Reduced Environmental Impact
3.4.4 Sustainable Production
3.4.5 Genetic Engineering and Production of Bioethanol
3.4.5.1 Metabolic Engineering