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Table of Contents
Intro
AMETIS
Introduction
Advanced Manufacturing for Energyand Transportation International School
Abstract
Introduction
Holistic Overview of Additive Manufacturing
Integrated Approach of Nanomanufacturing:From Nanoobject Synthesis to Applications
Emerging Surface Engineering Processes
Possible Synergies Between Technologies
New Methodologies for Rapid Discoveryof Materials and New Drivers for MSE
Contents
Additive Manufacturing: Development of Sustainable Industrial Processes for Circular Economy Improvement
Abstract
Additive Manufacturing: Essentials
Overview of Additive Manufacturing: AM Common Terms
Description of Technology Capabilities in AM
Categorization of Material Types Used in AM
Additive Manufacturing Advantages for Decision Making: Discussion of the Impact of Both Process and Material Selection
Additive Manufacturing Using Cases: List of Examples of Real-World Application on AM
Aeronautics
Nuclear
Alternative Energies
Defense
The Current State of Additive Manufacturing: Industrial Up-Scalable Processes
List of Various Industries Using AM
Technical and Commercial Consideration of Each Process in AM
Recycling Aspects: Circular Economy
Materials Challenges in Metal Additive Manufacturing
Structure-Property Variability in Metal AM
Solidification and Structure-Property Relationships in Metallic Materials
Microstructure Variability in Fusion-Based Metal Additive Manufacturing
Concluding Remarks
Correlation Between Process Parameters and Properties of Use: Example of Corrosion
Introduction
What is Corrosion? A Few Recalls
Aqueous Corrosion: Electrochemical Corrosion
Morphology of Corrosion
Thermodynamic Approach
Kinetic Approach
High Temperature Corrosion
Thermodynamic ApproachThermodynamic Approach
Kinetic Approach.
Characterisation Methods
Influence of Metallurgical Parameters on Corrosion
Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure
Surface Roughness
Porosity
Residual Stress
Inhomogeneous Microstructure and Anisotropy
Influence of the Elaborated Microstructure on the Corrosion Behavior
Advanced Manufacturing Processes as Solutions to Corrosion Concerns
Conclusions
Additive Manufacturing, from Powder to In Situ Nanocomposites
Introduction
Additive Manufacturing
Principle of the Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process
Advantages and Limits of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process
From Powder to Nanocomposite Powder
Prerequisite for Powder Use in LPBF
Flowability
Particle Size Distribution
Morphology
Powder Layer Density
Synthesis of Nanocomposite Powder
Ex Situ Route
In-Situ Route
Interest of Induction Plasma Treatment for NC Powders
Nanocomposite Material Produced by LPBF
Impact of the Melting on NPs
Example of Fabrication of Nanostructured ODS Steel Material by LPBF
Conclusion
Architecture-by-Design: Focus on Ceramic AM
Introduction
Development of Ceramics by Additive Manufacturing: State-of-the-Art
Formulation of a High-Resolution Printing Stereolithography Resin
Development of Porous Ceramics Using Stereolithography from Ceramic Powders
Preparation of Oxide and Oxycarbide Ceramics from Preceramic Polymers
An Example of Application of the Approach: Optimized Thermomechanical Properties of Thermal Insulators
Conclusion
Some Aspects of Numerical Modelling for Additive Manufacturing
Introduction
Overview of Modelling Approaches for Additive Manufacturing
Why Model and Simulate?
Modelling Approaches, Multiscale and Multiphysics Aspects
Focus 1: Multiphysics of Liquid Metal Pool
Physical Context.
Example of Tungsten Insert Gas (TIG) Welding
From Welding to Additive Manufacturing
Surface Tension Phenomena
Surface Tension Forces in 2D
Liquid Metal Pool, Marangoni Effect
Meshing
Manual Meshing
Automatic Meshing
Focus 2: Numerical Prediction of Grain Structure Formation in Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel
Context
Experimental Setup
Numerical Modelling
Sec86
Sec87
Experimental-Numerical Comparison
Packaged Electronic Additive Manufacturing
Introduction
Additive Manufacturing for Electronics
Additive Manufacturing for Electronic Packaging
Additive Manufacturing for Structural Electronics
Conclusion
Nanoobjects: Synthesis, Integration and Application to Energy and Transportation
Abstract
Synthesis of Nanoobjects
Nucleation and Growth
Size Control
Shape Control
Agglomeration and Aggregation Control
Synthesis Processes
Liquid Phase Processes
Gas Phase Processes for Nanoparticles
CVD Processes for Nanowires and Nanotubes
Integration of Nanoobjects
The Liquid Phase
The Solid Phase
The Gas Phase
Application of Nanoobjects to Energy and Transportation
Solar and Heat Conversion
Photovoltaics
Solar Thermal Energy
Thermoelectrics
Electrochemical Storage
Nanomaterials for Batteries
Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors
Hydrogen
Nanomaterials and Nanoobjects for Fuel Cells
Hydrogen Production
References
Emerging Surface Engineering Processes
Abstract
Thermal Spray - Cold Spray
Introduction
Principle: A Wide Range of Metallic Powder
Powder Supply
Velocity Analysis
Bonding Conditions
Advantages and Drawbacks
Investigation for Upgrading the Impact Particle Velocity
Investigation on Nozzle Design and Flow Behavior
Investigation on Gas Nature and Flow Behavior.
Investigation on Particle Behavior
Deposition
Build-Up of the Coatings
In-Situ Residual Stresses Measurement
Reducing the Residual Stresses
What About TA6V?
Mechanical Properties
Applications
Conclusion
Thermal Spray - Suspension Plasma Spraying
Introduction
Principle: From Micrometer to Nanometer Powder
SPS: A Process to Control
The Gun Behavior
Droplet Generation - Continuous Train of Single Droplets
Droplet Generation - Continuous Injection of a Liquid Shape
Heat Treatment of the Droplets
Before Impacting
Build-Up of the Coating
Potential Applications for Aeronautics
Conclusion
Physical Vapor Deposition: Principles, Ionized PVD and Examples of Application
Introduction
PVD Main Principles
Glow Discharge
PVD - 3 Steps
Standard Direct Current (DC) Magnetron Sputtering (MS)
From DCMS to High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS)
Cathodic Arc Deposition (CAD)
Examples of Application
Cr-Coated Zircaloy-4 as Enhanced Accident Tolerant Nuclear Fuel Claddings for Light Water Reactors [75]
Nanostructured Hard Coatings Deposited by Cathodic Arc Deposition on Carbide Inserts for Machining of Inconel 718 (Aeronautical Application)
Conclusions
Chemical Vapor Deposition
Introduction
Principles and Fundamentals
Thermal CVD: Hot-Wall vs. Cold-Wall
Activation in CVD Technologies
Plasma Enhanced-CVD
Laser and Photo-CVD
Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition (HWCVD) &
Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD)
Flame-CVD &
Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposition (CCVD)
Specific CVD Processes
Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE &
CBE)
Selective-CVD
Homo-CVD &
Catalytic CVD (CatCVD)
Fluidized Bed-CVD
Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI)
Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)
Precursor Tailoring for Metalorganic CVD.
Process Optimization Through Monitoring and Process Modelling
Diagnostics in CVD
Growth and Kinetics Control in CVD
Other Diagnostics and Process Modeling
Concluding Remarks: Historical and Contemporary Applications in Energy and Transport Fields
Atomic Layer Deposition
References
New Drivers for Materials Science and Engineering
Abstract
Material Resource Efficiency in Low Carbon Energy: Towards a More Circular Economy
Introduction &
Definition of Strategic, Critical Materials
Current Issues in Material Resources
From Sobriety to Material Substitution
Case Studies in New Technologies for Energy: Materials and Processes
Production
Storage
Conversion
Transportation
Circular Economy &
Recycling
From Linear to Circular Economy, Material &
Process
Recycling
Life Cycle Analysis, a Way to Assess the Impact of Technologies
Social Acceptance, Ethical Issues Versus Education
Conclusion
Artificial Intelligence for Materials Science and Engineering
Introduction
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
k-Nearest Neighbors
Naive Bayes Classifiers
Support Vector Machine
Decision Trees
Artificial Neural Networks
Deep Neural Networks
Expert Systems
Soft Computing
Fuzzy Logic
Metaheuristics
Qualification of Causality Relations
ANOVA
Regression Analysis
Applications
Selective Laser Sintering
Fused Deposition Modelling
Friction Stir Welding
Properties and Performance Prediction for Process Optimization
Statistical Approaches
AI Approaches
ML Approaches
Coupling Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms
Other Nature Inspired Optimization
Materials' Recommendation
Assistance in the Characterization of Materials
Conclusion
Integrative Approach for Safe Manufacturing
Introduction.
Methodology and Literature Review.
AMETIS
Introduction
Advanced Manufacturing for Energyand Transportation International School
Abstract
Introduction
Holistic Overview of Additive Manufacturing
Integrated Approach of Nanomanufacturing:From Nanoobject Synthesis to Applications
Emerging Surface Engineering Processes
Possible Synergies Between Technologies
New Methodologies for Rapid Discoveryof Materials and New Drivers for MSE
Contents
Additive Manufacturing: Development of Sustainable Industrial Processes for Circular Economy Improvement
Abstract
Additive Manufacturing: Essentials
Overview of Additive Manufacturing: AM Common Terms
Description of Technology Capabilities in AM
Categorization of Material Types Used in AM
Additive Manufacturing Advantages for Decision Making: Discussion of the Impact of Both Process and Material Selection
Additive Manufacturing Using Cases: List of Examples of Real-World Application on AM
Aeronautics
Nuclear
Alternative Energies
Defense
The Current State of Additive Manufacturing: Industrial Up-Scalable Processes
List of Various Industries Using AM
Technical and Commercial Consideration of Each Process in AM
Recycling Aspects: Circular Economy
Materials Challenges in Metal Additive Manufacturing
Structure-Property Variability in Metal AM
Solidification and Structure-Property Relationships in Metallic Materials
Microstructure Variability in Fusion-Based Metal Additive Manufacturing
Concluding Remarks
Correlation Between Process Parameters and Properties of Use: Example of Corrosion
Introduction
What is Corrosion? A Few Recalls
Aqueous Corrosion: Electrochemical Corrosion
Morphology of Corrosion
Thermodynamic Approach
Kinetic Approach
High Temperature Corrosion
Thermodynamic ApproachThermodynamic Approach
Kinetic Approach.
Characterisation Methods
Influence of Metallurgical Parameters on Corrosion
Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure
Surface Roughness
Porosity
Residual Stress
Inhomogeneous Microstructure and Anisotropy
Influence of the Elaborated Microstructure on the Corrosion Behavior
Advanced Manufacturing Processes as Solutions to Corrosion Concerns
Conclusions
Additive Manufacturing, from Powder to In Situ Nanocomposites
Introduction
Additive Manufacturing
Principle of the Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process
Advantages and Limits of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process
From Powder to Nanocomposite Powder
Prerequisite for Powder Use in LPBF
Flowability
Particle Size Distribution
Morphology
Powder Layer Density
Synthesis of Nanocomposite Powder
Ex Situ Route
In-Situ Route
Interest of Induction Plasma Treatment for NC Powders
Nanocomposite Material Produced by LPBF
Impact of the Melting on NPs
Example of Fabrication of Nanostructured ODS Steel Material by LPBF
Conclusion
Architecture-by-Design: Focus on Ceramic AM
Introduction
Development of Ceramics by Additive Manufacturing: State-of-the-Art
Formulation of a High-Resolution Printing Stereolithography Resin
Development of Porous Ceramics Using Stereolithography from Ceramic Powders
Preparation of Oxide and Oxycarbide Ceramics from Preceramic Polymers
An Example of Application of the Approach: Optimized Thermomechanical Properties of Thermal Insulators
Conclusion
Some Aspects of Numerical Modelling for Additive Manufacturing
Introduction
Overview of Modelling Approaches for Additive Manufacturing
Why Model and Simulate?
Modelling Approaches, Multiscale and Multiphysics Aspects
Focus 1: Multiphysics of Liquid Metal Pool
Physical Context.
Example of Tungsten Insert Gas (TIG) Welding
From Welding to Additive Manufacturing
Surface Tension Phenomena
Surface Tension Forces in 2D
Liquid Metal Pool, Marangoni Effect
Meshing
Manual Meshing
Automatic Meshing
Focus 2: Numerical Prediction of Grain Structure Formation in Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel
Context
Experimental Setup
Numerical Modelling
Sec86
Sec87
Experimental-Numerical Comparison
Packaged Electronic Additive Manufacturing
Introduction
Additive Manufacturing for Electronics
Additive Manufacturing for Electronic Packaging
Additive Manufacturing for Structural Electronics
Conclusion
Nanoobjects: Synthesis, Integration and Application to Energy and Transportation
Abstract
Synthesis of Nanoobjects
Nucleation and Growth
Size Control
Shape Control
Agglomeration and Aggregation Control
Synthesis Processes
Liquid Phase Processes
Gas Phase Processes for Nanoparticles
CVD Processes for Nanowires and Nanotubes
Integration of Nanoobjects
The Liquid Phase
The Solid Phase
The Gas Phase
Application of Nanoobjects to Energy and Transportation
Solar and Heat Conversion
Photovoltaics
Solar Thermal Energy
Thermoelectrics
Electrochemical Storage
Nanomaterials for Batteries
Nanomaterials for Supercapacitors
Hydrogen
Nanomaterials and Nanoobjects for Fuel Cells
Hydrogen Production
References
Emerging Surface Engineering Processes
Abstract
Thermal Spray - Cold Spray
Introduction
Principle: A Wide Range of Metallic Powder
Powder Supply
Velocity Analysis
Bonding Conditions
Advantages and Drawbacks
Investigation for Upgrading the Impact Particle Velocity
Investigation on Nozzle Design and Flow Behavior
Investigation on Gas Nature and Flow Behavior.
Investigation on Particle Behavior
Deposition
Build-Up of the Coatings
In-Situ Residual Stresses Measurement
Reducing the Residual Stresses
What About TA6V?
Mechanical Properties
Applications
Conclusion
Thermal Spray - Suspension Plasma Spraying
Introduction
Principle: From Micrometer to Nanometer Powder
SPS: A Process to Control
The Gun Behavior
Droplet Generation - Continuous Train of Single Droplets
Droplet Generation - Continuous Injection of a Liquid Shape
Heat Treatment of the Droplets
Before Impacting
Build-Up of the Coating
Potential Applications for Aeronautics
Conclusion
Physical Vapor Deposition: Principles, Ionized PVD and Examples of Application
Introduction
PVD Main Principles
Glow Discharge
PVD - 3 Steps
Standard Direct Current (DC) Magnetron Sputtering (MS)
From DCMS to High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS)
Cathodic Arc Deposition (CAD)
Examples of Application
Cr-Coated Zircaloy-4 as Enhanced Accident Tolerant Nuclear Fuel Claddings for Light Water Reactors [75]
Nanostructured Hard Coatings Deposited by Cathodic Arc Deposition on Carbide Inserts for Machining of Inconel 718 (Aeronautical Application)
Conclusions
Chemical Vapor Deposition
Introduction
Principles and Fundamentals
Thermal CVD: Hot-Wall vs. Cold-Wall
Activation in CVD Technologies
Plasma Enhanced-CVD
Laser and Photo-CVD
Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition (HWCVD) &
Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD)
Flame-CVD &
Combustion Chemical Vapor Deposition (CCVD)
Specific CVD Processes
Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE &
CBE)
Selective-CVD
Homo-CVD &
Catalytic CVD (CatCVD)
Fluidized Bed-CVD
Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI)
Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)
Precursor Tailoring for Metalorganic CVD.
Process Optimization Through Monitoring and Process Modelling
Diagnostics in CVD
Growth and Kinetics Control in CVD
Other Diagnostics and Process Modeling
Concluding Remarks: Historical and Contemporary Applications in Energy and Transport Fields
Atomic Layer Deposition
References
New Drivers for Materials Science and Engineering
Abstract
Material Resource Efficiency in Low Carbon Energy: Towards a More Circular Economy
Introduction &
Definition of Strategic, Critical Materials
Current Issues in Material Resources
From Sobriety to Material Substitution
Case Studies in New Technologies for Energy: Materials and Processes
Production
Storage
Conversion
Transportation
Circular Economy &
Recycling
From Linear to Circular Economy, Material &
Process
Recycling
Life Cycle Analysis, a Way to Assess the Impact of Technologies
Social Acceptance, Ethical Issues Versus Education
Conclusion
Artificial Intelligence for Materials Science and Engineering
Introduction
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
k-Nearest Neighbors
Naive Bayes Classifiers
Support Vector Machine
Decision Trees
Artificial Neural Networks
Deep Neural Networks
Expert Systems
Soft Computing
Fuzzy Logic
Metaheuristics
Qualification of Causality Relations
ANOVA
Regression Analysis
Applications
Selective Laser Sintering
Fused Deposition Modelling
Friction Stir Welding
Properties and Performance Prediction for Process Optimization
Statistical Approaches
AI Approaches
ML Approaches
Coupling Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms
Other Nature Inspired Optimization
Materials' Recommendation
Assistance in the Characterization of Materials
Conclusion
Integrative Approach for Safe Manufacturing
Introduction.
Methodology and Literature Review.