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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Acknowledgements
Author biography
Dr Sandeep A Arote
Contributor
Abbreviations
Symbols
Units
Chapter 1 Electrochemical energy storage mechanisms and performance assessments: an overview
1.1 Introduction to the current energy landscape
1.2 Renewable energy and the need for energy storage devices
1.3 Energy storage techniques
1.4 Electrochemical energy storage
1.4.1 Electrochemistry: fundamental aspects
1.4.2 What happens at the electrodes?
1.4.3 Choice of electrode material and electrolyte
1.5 Electrochemical potential
1.5.1 Electrochemical potential and free energy [16-18]
1.5.2 Electrochemical potential and electronegativity [13, 17, 19]
1.6 Charge conduction and storage mechanism [20-24]
1.6.1 Faradaic and non-faradaic processes [20-25]
1.6.2 Factors governing the electrochemical energy storage capability of an electrode
1.7 Electrochemical performance-governing and measurement parameters
1.8 Overview of electrochemical testing methods
1.8.1 Cyclic voltammetry (CV) [31, 32]
1.8.2 Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) [31, 32]
1.8.3 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)
1.9 Summary
References and further reading
Chapter 2 Perspectives on electrochemical supercapacitors: working principles and classification
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Capacitors and their energy storage mechanisms
2.3 Supercapacitors and their current position among energy storage devices
2.4 Components of supercapacitors and their key parameters
2.4.1 Electrode
2.4.2 Electrolyte
2.4.3 The separator
2.5 Performance matrixes and the measurable parameters of supercapacitors
2.5.1 Supercapacitor performance characterization
2.5.2 Cyclic voltammetry for supercapacitor characterization.
2.5.3 Galvanostatic charge and discharge for supercapacitor characterization
2.5.4 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for supercapacitor characterization
2.6 Classification of supercapacitors
2.6.1 Classification based on structure
2.6.2 Classification based on the charge storage mechanism
2.7 Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs)
2.7.1 Working mechanism of EDLCs: the formation of an electric double layer
2.8 Pseudosupercapacitors (PSCs)
2.9 Hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs)
2.9.1 Composite-type HSCs
2.9.2 Asymmetric HSCs
2.9.3 Battery-type HSCs
2.10 Summary
References and further reading
Chapter 3 Carbon-based materials for electric double-layer supercapacitors: recent advances and future perspectives
3.1 Introduction to carbon-based electrode materials for EDLCs
3.2 Activated carbon (AC)
3.2.1 Physical activation
3.2.2 Chemical activation
3.2.3 Physicochemical activation
3.2.4 Performance of AC-based EDLCs
3.3 Performance of EDLCs based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
3.4 Performance of EDLCs based on activated carbon fibers
3.5 Performance of EDLCs based on graphene and its composites
3.6 Summary
References
Chapter 4 Comprehensive insight: electrode material selection for, and electrode performance in, pseudo and hybrid supercapacitors
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Metal oxides as electrode materials for supercapacitors
4.2.1 Performance of RuO2-based pseudosupercapacitors
4.2.2 Performance of MnO2-based pseudosupercapacitors
4.2.3 Performance of pseudosupercapacitors based on mixed metal oxides
4.3 Metal sulfides as electrode materials for supercapacitors
4.3.1 Mixed metal sulfides
4.4 Nanocomposite electrode materials for hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs).
4.4.1 Metal oxide-carbon composite and metal sulfide-carbon composite electrode materials for HSCs
4.4.2 Battery-type Li-ion supercapacitors (LISCs)
4.5 Summary
References and further reading.
Preface
Acknowledgements
Author biography
Dr Sandeep A Arote
Contributor
Abbreviations
Symbols
Units
Chapter 1 Electrochemical energy storage mechanisms and performance assessments: an overview
1.1 Introduction to the current energy landscape
1.2 Renewable energy and the need for energy storage devices
1.3 Energy storage techniques
1.4 Electrochemical energy storage
1.4.1 Electrochemistry: fundamental aspects
1.4.2 What happens at the electrodes?
1.4.3 Choice of electrode material and electrolyte
1.5 Electrochemical potential
1.5.1 Electrochemical potential and free energy [16-18]
1.5.2 Electrochemical potential and electronegativity [13, 17, 19]
1.6 Charge conduction and storage mechanism [20-24]
1.6.1 Faradaic and non-faradaic processes [20-25]
1.6.2 Factors governing the electrochemical energy storage capability of an electrode
1.7 Electrochemical performance-governing and measurement parameters
1.8 Overview of electrochemical testing methods
1.8.1 Cyclic voltammetry (CV) [31, 32]
1.8.2 Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) [31, 32]
1.8.3 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)
1.9 Summary
References and further reading
Chapter 2 Perspectives on electrochemical supercapacitors: working principles and classification
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Capacitors and their energy storage mechanisms
2.3 Supercapacitors and their current position among energy storage devices
2.4 Components of supercapacitors and their key parameters
2.4.1 Electrode
2.4.2 Electrolyte
2.4.3 The separator
2.5 Performance matrixes and the measurable parameters of supercapacitors
2.5.1 Supercapacitor performance characterization
2.5.2 Cyclic voltammetry for supercapacitor characterization.
2.5.3 Galvanostatic charge and discharge for supercapacitor characterization
2.5.4 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for supercapacitor characterization
2.6 Classification of supercapacitors
2.6.1 Classification based on structure
2.6.2 Classification based on the charge storage mechanism
2.7 Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs)
2.7.1 Working mechanism of EDLCs: the formation of an electric double layer
2.8 Pseudosupercapacitors (PSCs)
2.9 Hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs)
2.9.1 Composite-type HSCs
2.9.2 Asymmetric HSCs
2.9.3 Battery-type HSCs
2.10 Summary
References and further reading
Chapter 3 Carbon-based materials for electric double-layer supercapacitors: recent advances and future perspectives
3.1 Introduction to carbon-based electrode materials for EDLCs
3.2 Activated carbon (AC)
3.2.1 Physical activation
3.2.2 Chemical activation
3.2.3 Physicochemical activation
3.2.4 Performance of AC-based EDLCs
3.3 Performance of EDLCs based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
3.4 Performance of EDLCs based on activated carbon fibers
3.5 Performance of EDLCs based on graphene and its composites
3.6 Summary
References
Chapter 4 Comprehensive insight: electrode material selection for, and electrode performance in, pseudo and hybrid supercapacitors
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Metal oxides as electrode materials for supercapacitors
4.2.1 Performance of RuO2-based pseudosupercapacitors
4.2.2 Performance of MnO2-based pseudosupercapacitors
4.2.3 Performance of pseudosupercapacitors based on mixed metal oxides
4.3 Metal sulfides as electrode materials for supercapacitors
4.3.1 Mixed metal sulfides
4.4 Nanocomposite electrode materials for hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs).
4.4.1 Metal oxide-carbon composite and metal sulfide-carbon composite electrode materials for HSCs
4.4.2 Battery-type Li-ion supercapacitors (LISCs)
4.5 Summary
References and further reading.