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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Acknowledgments
Editor biographies
Dr Ravindra Pratap Singh
Mr Kshitij RB Singh
Contributors
Chapter 1 Introduction to bionanomaterials: an overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Properties
1.3 Classification of bionanomaterials
1.4 Synthesis of bionanomaterials
1.5 Applications of bionanomaterials
1.5.1 Tissue engineering
1.5.2 Nanomedicine
1.5.3 Bionanomaterials for drug delivery
1.5.4 Bionanomaterials for nanobiosensing
1.5.5 Bio-imaging
1.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2 Properties and classification of bionanomaterials
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Properties of bionanomaterials
2.2.1 Mechanical properties of bionanomaterials
2.2.2 Biological properties of bionanomaterials
2.2.3 Chemical properties of bionanomaterials
2.2.4 Physical properties of bionanomaterials
2.2.5 Thermal properties of bionanomaterials
2.2.6 Antimicrobial properties of bionanomaterials
2.2.7 Bioactivity
2.2.8 Drug delivery
2.3 Classification of bionanomaterials
2.3.1 Ceramic bionanomaterials
2.3.2 Polymeric bionanomaterials
2.3.3 Metallic bionanomaterials
2.3.4 Silica-based bionanomaterials
2.3.5 Organic-inorganic bionanomaterials
2.3.6 Biological bionanomaterials
2.4 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 3 Synthesis and characterization of bionanomaterials
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Biopolymers
3.2.1 Polysaccharide based nanomaterials
3.2.2 Polysaccharide derivatives
3.2.3 Polypeptide based nanomaterials
3.2.4 Polynucleotide based nanomaterials
3.3 Synthesis of bionanomaterials
3.3.1 Top-down approach
3.3.2 Bottom-up approach
3.3.3 Hybrid approach
3.4 Characterization of bionanomaterials
3.4.1 Spectroscopic techniques
3.4.2 Microscopic techniques
3.4.3 Surface charge analysis.
3.4.4 Crystallinity analysis
3.4.5 Magnetic properties
3.4.6 Other techniques
3.5 Safety aspects of bionanomaterials
3.6 Factors affecting the synthesis of bionanomaterials
3.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Bionanocomposites and their multifunctional applications
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Biocompatible matrices and nanosized reinforcements/fillers
4.2 Synthesis and processing techniques of bionanocomposites
4.2.1 In situ polymerization
4.2.2 Solution casting method
4.2.3 Melt processing
4.3 Various bionanocomposite based on the type of matrices and reinforcements
4.3.1 Starch derived bionanocomposites
4.3.2 Clay bionanocomposites
4.3.3 Conducting polymer based bionanocomposites
4.3.4 Polysaccharides bionanocomposites
4.3.5 Bionanocomposites from polypeptide
4.3.6 Chitin and Chitosan derived bionanocomposites
4.3.7 lignocellulosic materials bionanocomposites
4.3.8 Bionanocomposites based on poly(lactic acid)
4.4 Different properties of bionanocomposites
4.4.1 Biological properties
4.4.2 Mechanical properties
4.4.3 The physical properties
4.5 Applications of bionanocomposites
4.5.1 Cardiovascular stent
4.5.2 Ocular applications
4.5.3 Tissue engineering
4.5.4 Cancer targeting
4.5.5 Gene therapy
4.5.6 Drug delivery
4.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 5 Bionanomaterials for biosensor technology
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Historical developments and advances in biosensor machinery
5.2.1 Historical developments of biosensor machinery
5.2.2 Functioning principles of biosensor mechanisms
5.2.3 Advances in biosensor machinery
5.3 Bionanomaterials for biosensor machinery and their biomedical applications
5.3.1 NSCP bionanomaterials biosensor mechanisms and their biomedical applications.
5.4 Prospects of bionanomaterials for biosensor machinery
5.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 6 Bionanomaterials: concept of nanomedicine
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Types of nanoparticles
6.2.1 Gold, silver and other nanoparticles
6.2.2 Quantum dots (or carbon materials)
6.2.3 Other nanohybrid materials
6.3 Bionanomaterials application in nanomedicine
6.3.1 Bioimaging
6.3.2 Antibacterial activity and wound healing
6.3.3 Miscellaneous applications-special emphasis on cancer nanotherapeutics
6.4 Current challenges and future directions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 7 Bionanomaterials utility for therapeutic applications
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Advantages of bionanomaterials
7.3 Utility of polysaccharide-based bionanomaterial
7.4 Lipid-based bionanomaterial as pharmaceutical carriers
7.5 Bionanomaterials in imaging
7.6 Magnetic contrast-enhancing bionanomaterials
7.7 Bionanomaterials as an anticancer agent
7.8 Protein-based bionanomaterials and their utility
7.9 Nucleic acid associated bionanomaterials
7.10 Utility of DNA-nanostructures
7.11 Conclusion and prospects
References
Chapter 8 Bionanomaterials for tissue implant and regeneration
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Materials and structures
8.2.1 Natural origin biomaterials
8.2.2 Synthetic origin biomaterials
8.2.3 Biopolymers based nanostructures for tissue implants and regeneration
8.2.4 Biomaterials for cell supports
8.2.5 Bionanocomposites
8.3 Strategies available for making tissue implants
8.3.1 Conventional/traditional methods
8.3.2 Outcome of complementary scaffold fabrication techniques (figure 8.3(a))
8.4 Potential tissue-engineered implants: a biomaterial perspective
8.4.1 Bone tissue
8.4.2 Neural tissue
8.4.3 Muscle tissue
8.4.4 Skin.
8.5 Challenges in clinical translation
8.6 Long-term toxicity and side effects
8.7 Commercial tissue implants
8.8 Conclusion and prospects
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 9 Molecularly imprinted bionanomaterials and their biomedical applications
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Molecularly imprinted polymers
9.2.1 Synthesis of MIPs
9.2.2 Surface imprinting
9.2.3 Bulk imprinting
9.2.4 Epitope imprinting
9.3 Bionanomaterials
9.3.1 Types of bionanomaterials
9.4 MIP-based bionanomaterials for biomedical applications
9.4.1 Biomimetic sensors
9.4.2 Drug delivery
9.4.3 Cell imaging
9.5 Conclusions and future trends
References
Chapter 10 Bionanomaterials for green bionanotechnology
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Synthesis of bionanomaterials for biomedical application
10.2.1 Biosynthetic method
10.2.2 Hydrolysis method
10.2.3 Bioreduction method
10.2.4 Hydrothermal method
10.2.5 Microfluidization method
10.3 Characterization of bionanomaterials
10.3.1 UV-visible spectroscopic
10.3.2 X-ray diffraction
10.3.3 Atomic force microscopy
10.3.4 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
10.3.5 Transmission electron microscopy
10.3.6 Potentiometric analysis
10.4 Biomedical applications of bionanomaterials
10.4.1 Tissue implant and regeneration
10.4.2 Utilization of nanoparticles in the therapy of antimicrobial infections
10.4.3 Use of nanotechnology in biosensors
10.5 Conclusion
References.
Preface
Acknowledgments
Editor biographies
Dr Ravindra Pratap Singh
Mr Kshitij RB Singh
Contributors
Chapter 1 Introduction to bionanomaterials: an overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Properties
1.3 Classification of bionanomaterials
1.4 Synthesis of bionanomaterials
1.5 Applications of bionanomaterials
1.5.1 Tissue engineering
1.5.2 Nanomedicine
1.5.3 Bionanomaterials for drug delivery
1.5.4 Bionanomaterials for nanobiosensing
1.5.5 Bio-imaging
1.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2 Properties and classification of bionanomaterials
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Properties of bionanomaterials
2.2.1 Mechanical properties of bionanomaterials
2.2.2 Biological properties of bionanomaterials
2.2.3 Chemical properties of bionanomaterials
2.2.4 Physical properties of bionanomaterials
2.2.5 Thermal properties of bionanomaterials
2.2.6 Antimicrobial properties of bionanomaterials
2.2.7 Bioactivity
2.2.8 Drug delivery
2.3 Classification of bionanomaterials
2.3.1 Ceramic bionanomaterials
2.3.2 Polymeric bionanomaterials
2.3.3 Metallic bionanomaterials
2.3.4 Silica-based bionanomaterials
2.3.5 Organic-inorganic bionanomaterials
2.3.6 Biological bionanomaterials
2.4 Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Chapter 3 Synthesis and characterization of bionanomaterials
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Biopolymers
3.2.1 Polysaccharide based nanomaterials
3.2.2 Polysaccharide derivatives
3.2.3 Polypeptide based nanomaterials
3.2.4 Polynucleotide based nanomaterials
3.3 Synthesis of bionanomaterials
3.3.1 Top-down approach
3.3.2 Bottom-up approach
3.3.3 Hybrid approach
3.4 Characterization of bionanomaterials
3.4.1 Spectroscopic techniques
3.4.2 Microscopic techniques
3.4.3 Surface charge analysis.
3.4.4 Crystallinity analysis
3.4.5 Magnetic properties
3.4.6 Other techniques
3.5 Safety aspects of bionanomaterials
3.6 Factors affecting the synthesis of bionanomaterials
3.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Bionanocomposites and their multifunctional applications
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Biocompatible matrices and nanosized reinforcements/fillers
4.2 Synthesis and processing techniques of bionanocomposites
4.2.1 In situ polymerization
4.2.2 Solution casting method
4.2.3 Melt processing
4.3 Various bionanocomposite based on the type of matrices and reinforcements
4.3.1 Starch derived bionanocomposites
4.3.2 Clay bionanocomposites
4.3.3 Conducting polymer based bionanocomposites
4.3.4 Polysaccharides bionanocomposites
4.3.5 Bionanocomposites from polypeptide
4.3.6 Chitin and Chitosan derived bionanocomposites
4.3.7 lignocellulosic materials bionanocomposites
4.3.8 Bionanocomposites based on poly(lactic acid)
4.4 Different properties of bionanocomposites
4.4.1 Biological properties
4.4.2 Mechanical properties
4.4.3 The physical properties
4.5 Applications of bionanocomposites
4.5.1 Cardiovascular stent
4.5.2 Ocular applications
4.5.3 Tissue engineering
4.5.4 Cancer targeting
4.5.5 Gene therapy
4.5.6 Drug delivery
4.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 5 Bionanomaterials for biosensor technology
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Historical developments and advances in biosensor machinery
5.2.1 Historical developments of biosensor machinery
5.2.2 Functioning principles of biosensor mechanisms
5.2.3 Advances in biosensor machinery
5.3 Bionanomaterials for biosensor machinery and their biomedical applications
5.3.1 NSCP bionanomaterials biosensor mechanisms and their biomedical applications.
5.4 Prospects of bionanomaterials for biosensor machinery
5.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 6 Bionanomaterials: concept of nanomedicine
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Types of nanoparticles
6.2.1 Gold, silver and other nanoparticles
6.2.2 Quantum dots (or carbon materials)
6.2.3 Other nanohybrid materials
6.3 Bionanomaterials application in nanomedicine
6.3.1 Bioimaging
6.3.2 Antibacterial activity and wound healing
6.3.3 Miscellaneous applications-special emphasis on cancer nanotherapeutics
6.4 Current challenges and future directions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 7 Bionanomaterials utility for therapeutic applications
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Advantages of bionanomaterials
7.3 Utility of polysaccharide-based bionanomaterial
7.4 Lipid-based bionanomaterial as pharmaceutical carriers
7.5 Bionanomaterials in imaging
7.6 Magnetic contrast-enhancing bionanomaterials
7.7 Bionanomaterials as an anticancer agent
7.8 Protein-based bionanomaterials and their utility
7.9 Nucleic acid associated bionanomaterials
7.10 Utility of DNA-nanostructures
7.11 Conclusion and prospects
References
Chapter 8 Bionanomaterials for tissue implant and regeneration
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Materials and structures
8.2.1 Natural origin biomaterials
8.2.2 Synthetic origin biomaterials
8.2.3 Biopolymers based nanostructures for tissue implants and regeneration
8.2.4 Biomaterials for cell supports
8.2.5 Bionanocomposites
8.3 Strategies available for making tissue implants
8.3.1 Conventional/traditional methods
8.3.2 Outcome of complementary scaffold fabrication techniques (figure 8.3(a))
8.4 Potential tissue-engineered implants: a biomaterial perspective
8.4.1 Bone tissue
8.4.2 Neural tissue
8.4.3 Muscle tissue
8.4.4 Skin.
8.5 Challenges in clinical translation
8.6 Long-term toxicity and side effects
8.7 Commercial tissue implants
8.8 Conclusion and prospects
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 9 Molecularly imprinted bionanomaterials and their biomedical applications
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Molecularly imprinted polymers
9.2.1 Synthesis of MIPs
9.2.2 Surface imprinting
9.2.3 Bulk imprinting
9.2.4 Epitope imprinting
9.3 Bionanomaterials
9.3.1 Types of bionanomaterials
9.4 MIP-based bionanomaterials for biomedical applications
9.4.1 Biomimetic sensors
9.4.2 Drug delivery
9.4.3 Cell imaging
9.5 Conclusions and future trends
References
Chapter 10 Bionanomaterials for green bionanotechnology
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Synthesis of bionanomaterials for biomedical application
10.2.1 Biosynthetic method
10.2.2 Hydrolysis method
10.2.3 Bioreduction method
10.2.4 Hydrothermal method
10.2.5 Microfluidization method
10.3 Characterization of bionanomaterials
10.3.1 UV-visible spectroscopic
10.3.2 X-ray diffraction
10.3.3 Atomic force microscopy
10.3.4 Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
10.3.5 Transmission electron microscopy
10.3.6 Potentiometric analysis
10.4 Biomedical applications of bionanomaterials
10.4.1 Tissue implant and regeneration
10.4.2 Utilization of nanoparticles in the therapy of antimicrobial infections
10.4.3 Use of nanotechnology in biosensors
10.5 Conclusion
References.