Introduction : the century of immigration
El Salvador : a decade of civil war
Guatemala and three decades of conflict
Honduras : immigration in the poorest Northern Triangle country
Economic theory and migration of Northern Triangle countries
Climate instability and migration
Crime, violence, trust, and intention to migrate
Global migration and the Northern Triangle countries
Challenges and struggles of undocumented migrants from the Northern Triangle
Immigration and crime in the United States
Profile of El Salvadorans, Guatemalans, and Hondurans in the United States
Migration challenges of reception and reintegration of migrants
Border roles and confusion
Conclusion : migration and challenges of Northern Triangle countries.