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Table of Contents
About the Authors
List of Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Section 1 Reliability Principles and Applications
1 Basic Principles and Scientific Importance of Reliability Theory 3 Aanchal Verma, Akanksha Singh S. Vardhan, Vanitha Bagana, R. K. Saket, and P. Sanjeevikumar
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Basic Concept of Reliability Engineering
1.3 Scientific Importance of Reliability in Modern Technology
1.4 Basic Concept of Probability Theory
1.5 Basic Concepts of System Reliability
1.6 Conclusion
2 Bayesian Approach for Reliability Evaluation and Remaining Useful Life Prediction 19 Debasis Jana, Suprakash Gupta, and Deepak Kumar
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Bayesian Network
2.3 Bayesian Reliability
2.4 Application of BN in Reliability and Remaining Useful Life
2.5 Dynamic Bayesian Networks
2.6 Advantages and Limitations of BN and DBN
2.7 Conclusion
3 Evaluation of Basic Reliability Indices Using State Enumeration Method 31 Rajesh Arya, Chandrima Roy, Atul Koshti, Ramesh C. Bansal, and Liladhar Arya
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Markov Process
3.3 Solution of State Equations
3.4 Functions of a Single Component's Availability and Unavailability
3.5 Two-Component State Model and State Probabilities
3.6 Three-Component State Transition Diagram
3.7 Concept of Frequency and Mean Duration
3.8 Frequency of Combined Events
3.9 State Enumeration Technique for Obtaining Frequency-Duration (FD)
3.10 Conclusion
4 Methodologies for Reliability Evaluation of Network 51 Rajesh Arya, Atul Koshti, Aanchal Verma, Baseem Khan, and Liladhar Arya
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Series Network
4.3 Parallel Network
4.4 Partially Redundant System
4.5 Reliability Evaluation of Complex Networks
4.6 Determination of Tie-Sets
4.7 Method of Obtaining Cut-Set
4.8 Multistate Model
4.9 Illustrative Examples
4.10 Conclusions
5 Probabilistic Approach for Standby and Load-Sharing System Reliability Evaluation 75 Rajesh Arya, R. K. Saket, Atul Koshti, Saad Mekhilef, and Pradeep Purey
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Reliability Evaluation Under Ideal Condition
5.3 Standby System Reliability Evaluation Under Nonideal Condition
5.4 Reliability Evaluation of Load-Sharing System (Endrenyi 1978)
5.5 Illustrative Examples
5.6 Conclusion
Section 2 Reliability-Based Systems Design
6 Physical Reliability Methods and Design for System Reliability 93 Smriti Singh, Jyoti Maurya, Eram Taslima, Bharat B. Sagar, and R. K. Saket
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Reliability Methods
6.3 Design Analysis and Process
6.4 Conclusions
7 Design for Maintainability and Availability Analysis for System Design 113 Jyoti Maurya, Om P. Bharti, K. S. Anand Kumar, and R. K. Saket
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Elements of Maintainability
7.3 Availability of the Systems
7.4 Conclusion
8 Genetic Algorithm and Artificial Neural Networks in Reliability-Based Design Optimization 125 Heeralal Gargama, Sanjay Kumar Chaturvedi, and Rajiv Nandan Rai
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Reliability-based Design
8.3 RBDO Methodology Using PSF and ANNs
8.4 Conclusion
8.A Evaluation of Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness
9 Parametric Estimation Models for Minimal and Imperfect Maintenance 143 Rajiv Nandan Rai, Sanjay Kumar Chaturvedi, and Heeralal Gargama
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Maintenance Actions on Maintained Systems
9.3 Classifications of Imperfect Maintenance Categories
9.4 Parametric Reliability Estimation Models for Maintained Systems
9.5 NHPP: Illustrative Example
9.6 Generalized Renewal Process
9.7 GRP: Illustrative Examples
9.8 Conclusion
Section 3 Reliability Analysis of Transmission Systems
10 Transmission System Reliability Evaluation Including Security 169 Pushpendra Singh, Rajesh Arya, Lakhan Singh Titare, Mohd. Tauseef Khan, and Sharat Chandra Choube
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Problem Formulation
10.3 Monte Carlo Simulation for Evaluation of the Security Index: With and Without Considering the Absence of Transmission Lines
10.4 Evaluation of the Load Flow's Minimal Eigenvalue Jacobian
10.5 Evaluation of Schur's Inequality
10.6 Evaluation of the PSI and the Cut-set Approach
10.7 Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) Assessment of Probabilistic Insecurity
10.8 Results and Discussions
10.9 Conclusions
10.A.1 Data for IEEE six-bus, seven-line test system (100MVA Base)
10.A.2 Data for IEEE 14-bus, 20-line system (100MVA Base)
10.A.3 Data for IEEE 25-bus, 35 line system (100MVA Base)
11 Probabilistic Voltage Security Assessment and Enhancement Using Rescheduling of Reactive Power Control Variables 199 Lakhan Singh Titare, Aanchal Singh S. Vardhan, Liladhar Arya, and Devkaran Sakravdia
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Computation of Probabilistic Insecurity Index (PII) Using Cut-set Technique
11.3 Computation of Probabilistic Insecurity Index (PII) Sensitivity using ANN
11.4 Voltage Security Enhancement using a Monovariable Approach
11.5 Results and Discussion
11.6 Conclusions
Section 4 Reliability Analysis of Distribution Systems
12 Modern Aspects of Probabilistic Distributions for Reliability Evaluation of Engineering Systems 219 Aanchal Singh S. Vardhan, Aanchal Verma, Jyotsna Ogale, R. K. Saket, and Stuart Galloway
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Life Distribution of Power Components: An Overview
12.3 Failure Distribution Functions for Reliability Evaluation
12.4 Use of Exponential Model to Evaluate Reliability and MTBF
12.5 Probabilistic Methods For Reliability Evaluation
12.6 Additional Solved Examples
12.7 Conclusion
13 Reliability Enhancement of Electrical Distribution Systems Considering Active Distributed Generations 247 Kalpesh B. Kela, Bhavik N. Suthar, Smriti Singh, Rajesh Arya, and Liladhar Arya
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Electrical Distribution Reliability Indices: Customer and Energy Based
13.3 Defining the Problem
13.4 The Flower Pollination Algorithm Overview
13.5 Solution Approach
13.6 Discussions and Outcomes
13.7 Conclusion
14 Reliability Enhancement Strategy for Electrical Distribution Systems Considering Reward and Penalty 267 Kalpesh B. Kela, Bhavik N. Suthar, Liladhar Arya, and Rajesh Arya
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Reward and Penalty System (RPS)
14.3 Problem Identification
14.4 Rao Algorithms: An Overview
14.5 Steps to Solve the Problem
14.6 A Discussion of the Findings
14.7 Conclusion
15 Reliability Analysis of Composite Distribution System Using Frequency Duration Concept 285 Atul Koshti, Eram Taslima, Pradeep Purey, Liladhar Arya, and Sharat C. Choube
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Components Modeling in Composite Distribution System (CDS)
15.3 Frequency-Duration Concept for Reliability Indices Evaluation
15.4 MCS-Based Reliability Indices Evaluation of CDS
15.5 Result and Discussion
15.6 Illustrative Examples
15.7 Conclusions
Section 5 Reliability Analysis of Distribution Systems Integrated With Renewable Energy Systems
16 Reliability Assessment of Distribution Systems Integrated with Renewable Energy Systems 303 Sachin Kumar, Sandeep Kumar, Aanchal Singh S. Vardhan, R. K. Saket, and P. Sanjeevikumar
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Reliability Functions
16.3 Renewable Energy Sources
16.4 Optimization and Control
16.5 Case Study
16.6 Challenges and Future Directions
16.7 Conclusion
17 Reliability Evaluation and Performance of Hybrid Photovoltaic Energy Systems for Rural Electrification Using Markov Process 325 Santosh S. Raghuwanshi, Smriti Singh, Akanksha Singh S. Vardhan, Rajesh Arya, and R. K. Saket
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Reliability Indices
17.3 Markov Process
17.4 Reliability of the System
17.5 Conclusion
18 Probabilistic Distribution and Monte Carlo Approach for Reliability Evaluation of SEIG-Based Micro Hydro Power Generation System 341 Lokesh Varshney, Kanhaiya Kumar, Gautam Singh Dohare, Udaya M. Bhaskara Rao, and Jitendra Singh Shakya
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Residual Magnetism in SEIG: Restoration and Loss
18.3 Problems with SEIG Excitation Failure in RE Systems
18.4 SEIG Tests with Lowest Capacitive Excitation
18.5 Rotor Core Magnetization of SEIG Reliability Assessment Using Least Capacitor Score
18.6 Discussion and Outcomes
18.7 Conclusion
19 Reliability and Mean Life Assessment of Solar Panel by Cooling 353 Rahul Agrawal, Jyots.
na Ogale, Nga T. T. Nguyen, R. K. Saket, and Joydeep Mitra
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Methodology
19.3 Reliability Assessment
19.4 Probability Density Function
19.5 Cumulative Distribution Function
19.6 Results
19.7 Conclusion
20 Reliability Assessment of Different Topologies in Photovoltaic System 381 Laxman Chaudhary, Aanchal Verma, Ramesh C. Bansal, and R. K. Saket
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Reliability Modeling of PV Topology
20.3 Estimation of Failure Rate
20.4 Reliability Estimation Using RBD
20.5 Results
20.6 Conclusions
Section 6 Reliability Analysis of Power Electronics Components and Systems for Modern Power System Applications
21 Reliability Evaluation of Power Electronics Converters for Modern Power System Applications 411 Amit Kumar, Sachin Kumar, Sunil K. Singh, R. K. Saket, and P. Sanjeevikumar
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Failures in Power Electronics Converters
21.3 Estimation and Monitoring of Junction Temperature
21.4 Reliability of a Modern Power System
21.5 Challenges and Future Directions
22 Reliability Assessment of Sub-components of Electric Vehicle for Performance Enhancement Grid Integrated Power System 427 Saumya Singh, Dhawal Dwivedi, Sandeep K. Soni, R. K. Saket, and Dwarkadas P. Kothari
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Electric Vehicles and Grid Integration
22.3 Sub-components of EVs
22.4 Reliability Assessment Techniques in EVs
22.5 Evaluation of Distribution Systems Reliability with Integrated EVs
22.6 Conclusion
23 Reliability Assessment of Multilevel Inverter for Modern Power System Applications 451 Saumya Singh, Dhawal Dwivedi, Kumari Sarita, R. K. Saket, and P. Sanjeevikumar
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Reliability Assessment Techniques
23.3 Types of Multilevel Inverters (MLIs)
23.4 Comparative Reliability Assessment of MLIs
23.5 Conclusion
24 Reliability Aspects in Snubber Circuit for Industrial Power Applications 467 Dhawal Dwivedi, Saumya Singh, Kumari Sarita, R. K. Saket, and P. Sanjeevikumar
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Passive Snubber Circuit
24.3 Selection of Turn-OFF Snubber
24.4 Design of a Discharge-Suppressing RCD Snubber
24.5 Simulation Results of RCD Snubber
24.6 Reliability Aspects in Snubber Design for Industrial Power Applications
24.7 Conclusion
25 Reliability Assessment of Power Electronics Devices and Systems for Modern Power Applications 481 Jyoti Maurya, Saumya Singh, Sachin Kumar, P. Sanjeevikumar, and R. K. Saket
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Concept of PEDS Reliability in Modern Power System
25.3 V-Shape Model-Based Reliability Assessment in PEDS
25.4 Converter Reliability Modeling
25.5 Conclusion and Future Challenges
26 Reliability Aspects in the Design and Development of Microgrids 493 Amit Kumar, Sachin Kumar, Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz, R. K. Saket, and D. P. Kothari
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Architecture and Operation of Microgrid
26.3 Microgrid Control Strategies
26.4 Reliability Aspects in Microgrid Planning and Design
26.5 Conclusion and Future Challenges
References
Abbreviations
Notations
Index.
List of Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Section 1 Reliability Principles and Applications
1 Basic Principles and Scientific Importance of Reliability Theory 3 Aanchal Verma, Akanksha Singh S. Vardhan, Vanitha Bagana, R. K. Saket, and P. Sanjeevikumar
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Basic Concept of Reliability Engineering
1.3 Scientific Importance of Reliability in Modern Technology
1.4 Basic Concept of Probability Theory
1.5 Basic Concepts of System Reliability
1.6 Conclusion
2 Bayesian Approach for Reliability Evaluation and Remaining Useful Life Prediction 19 Debasis Jana, Suprakash Gupta, and Deepak Kumar
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Bayesian Network
2.3 Bayesian Reliability
2.4 Application of BN in Reliability and Remaining Useful Life
2.5 Dynamic Bayesian Networks
2.6 Advantages and Limitations of BN and DBN
2.7 Conclusion
3 Evaluation of Basic Reliability Indices Using State Enumeration Method 31 Rajesh Arya, Chandrima Roy, Atul Koshti, Ramesh C. Bansal, and Liladhar Arya
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Markov Process
3.3 Solution of State Equations
3.4 Functions of a Single Component's Availability and Unavailability
3.5 Two-Component State Model and State Probabilities
3.6 Three-Component State Transition Diagram
3.7 Concept of Frequency and Mean Duration
3.8 Frequency of Combined Events
3.9 State Enumeration Technique for Obtaining Frequency-Duration (FD)
3.10 Conclusion
4 Methodologies for Reliability Evaluation of Network 51 Rajesh Arya, Atul Koshti, Aanchal Verma, Baseem Khan, and Liladhar Arya
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Series Network
4.3 Parallel Network
4.4 Partially Redundant System
4.5 Reliability Evaluation of Complex Networks
4.6 Determination of Tie-Sets
4.7 Method of Obtaining Cut-Set
4.8 Multistate Model
4.9 Illustrative Examples
4.10 Conclusions
5 Probabilistic Approach for Standby and Load-Sharing System Reliability Evaluation 75 Rajesh Arya, R. K. Saket, Atul Koshti, Saad Mekhilef, and Pradeep Purey
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Reliability Evaluation Under Ideal Condition
5.3 Standby System Reliability Evaluation Under Nonideal Condition
5.4 Reliability Evaluation of Load-Sharing System (Endrenyi 1978)
5.5 Illustrative Examples
5.6 Conclusion
Section 2 Reliability-Based Systems Design
6 Physical Reliability Methods and Design for System Reliability 93 Smriti Singh, Jyoti Maurya, Eram Taslima, Bharat B. Sagar, and R. K. Saket
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Reliability Methods
6.3 Design Analysis and Process
6.4 Conclusions
7 Design for Maintainability and Availability Analysis for System Design 113 Jyoti Maurya, Om P. Bharti, K. S. Anand Kumar, and R. K. Saket
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Elements of Maintainability
7.3 Availability of the Systems
7.4 Conclusion
8 Genetic Algorithm and Artificial Neural Networks in Reliability-Based Design Optimization 125 Heeralal Gargama, Sanjay Kumar Chaturvedi, and Rajiv Nandan Rai
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Reliability-based Design
8.3 RBDO Methodology Using PSF and ANNs
8.4 Conclusion
8.A Evaluation of Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness
9 Parametric Estimation Models for Minimal and Imperfect Maintenance 143 Rajiv Nandan Rai, Sanjay Kumar Chaturvedi, and Heeralal Gargama
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Maintenance Actions on Maintained Systems
9.3 Classifications of Imperfect Maintenance Categories
9.4 Parametric Reliability Estimation Models for Maintained Systems
9.5 NHPP: Illustrative Example
9.6 Generalized Renewal Process
9.7 GRP: Illustrative Examples
9.8 Conclusion
Section 3 Reliability Analysis of Transmission Systems
10 Transmission System Reliability Evaluation Including Security 169 Pushpendra Singh, Rajesh Arya, Lakhan Singh Titare, Mohd. Tauseef Khan, and Sharat Chandra Choube
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Problem Formulation
10.3 Monte Carlo Simulation for Evaluation of the Security Index: With and Without Considering the Absence of Transmission Lines
10.4 Evaluation of the Load Flow's Minimal Eigenvalue Jacobian
10.5 Evaluation of Schur's Inequality
10.6 Evaluation of the PSI and the Cut-set Approach
10.7 Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) Assessment of Probabilistic Insecurity
10.8 Results and Discussions
10.9 Conclusions
10.A.1 Data for IEEE six-bus, seven-line test system (100MVA Base)
10.A.2 Data for IEEE 14-bus, 20-line system (100MVA Base)
10.A.3 Data for IEEE 25-bus, 35 line system (100MVA Base)
11 Probabilistic Voltage Security Assessment and Enhancement Using Rescheduling of Reactive Power Control Variables 199 Lakhan Singh Titare, Aanchal Singh S. Vardhan, Liladhar Arya, and Devkaran Sakravdia
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Computation of Probabilistic Insecurity Index (PII) Using Cut-set Technique
11.3 Computation of Probabilistic Insecurity Index (PII) Sensitivity using ANN
11.4 Voltage Security Enhancement using a Monovariable Approach
11.5 Results and Discussion
11.6 Conclusions
Section 4 Reliability Analysis of Distribution Systems
12 Modern Aspects of Probabilistic Distributions for Reliability Evaluation of Engineering Systems 219 Aanchal Singh S. Vardhan, Aanchal Verma, Jyotsna Ogale, R. K. Saket, and Stuart Galloway
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Life Distribution of Power Components: An Overview
12.3 Failure Distribution Functions for Reliability Evaluation
12.4 Use of Exponential Model to Evaluate Reliability and MTBF
12.5 Probabilistic Methods For Reliability Evaluation
12.6 Additional Solved Examples
12.7 Conclusion
13 Reliability Enhancement of Electrical Distribution Systems Considering Active Distributed Generations 247 Kalpesh B. Kela, Bhavik N. Suthar, Smriti Singh, Rajesh Arya, and Liladhar Arya
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Electrical Distribution Reliability Indices: Customer and Energy Based
13.3 Defining the Problem
13.4 The Flower Pollination Algorithm Overview
13.5 Solution Approach
13.6 Discussions and Outcomes
13.7 Conclusion
14 Reliability Enhancement Strategy for Electrical Distribution Systems Considering Reward and Penalty 267 Kalpesh B. Kela, Bhavik N. Suthar, Liladhar Arya, and Rajesh Arya
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Reward and Penalty System (RPS)
14.3 Problem Identification
14.4 Rao Algorithms: An Overview
14.5 Steps to Solve the Problem
14.6 A Discussion of the Findings
14.7 Conclusion
15 Reliability Analysis of Composite Distribution System Using Frequency Duration Concept 285 Atul Koshti, Eram Taslima, Pradeep Purey, Liladhar Arya, and Sharat C. Choube
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Components Modeling in Composite Distribution System (CDS)
15.3 Frequency-Duration Concept for Reliability Indices Evaluation
15.4 MCS-Based Reliability Indices Evaluation of CDS
15.5 Result and Discussion
15.6 Illustrative Examples
15.7 Conclusions
Section 5 Reliability Analysis of Distribution Systems Integrated With Renewable Energy Systems
16 Reliability Assessment of Distribution Systems Integrated with Renewable Energy Systems 303 Sachin Kumar, Sandeep Kumar, Aanchal Singh S. Vardhan, R. K. Saket, and P. Sanjeevikumar
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Reliability Functions
16.3 Renewable Energy Sources
16.4 Optimization and Control
16.5 Case Study
16.6 Challenges and Future Directions
16.7 Conclusion
17 Reliability Evaluation and Performance of Hybrid Photovoltaic Energy Systems for Rural Electrification Using Markov Process 325 Santosh S. Raghuwanshi, Smriti Singh, Akanksha Singh S. Vardhan, Rajesh Arya, and R. K. Saket
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Reliability Indices
17.3 Markov Process
17.4 Reliability of the System
17.5 Conclusion
18 Probabilistic Distribution and Monte Carlo Approach for Reliability Evaluation of SEIG-Based Micro Hydro Power Generation System 341 Lokesh Varshney, Kanhaiya Kumar, Gautam Singh Dohare, Udaya M. Bhaskara Rao, and Jitendra Singh Shakya
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Residual Magnetism in SEIG: Restoration and Loss
18.3 Problems with SEIG Excitation Failure in RE Systems
18.4 SEIG Tests with Lowest Capacitive Excitation
18.5 Rotor Core Magnetization of SEIG Reliability Assessment Using Least Capacitor Score
18.6 Discussion and Outcomes
18.7 Conclusion
19 Reliability and Mean Life Assessment of Solar Panel by Cooling 353 Rahul Agrawal, Jyots.
na Ogale, Nga T. T. Nguyen, R. K. Saket, and Joydeep Mitra
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Methodology
19.3 Reliability Assessment
19.4 Probability Density Function
19.5 Cumulative Distribution Function
19.6 Results
19.7 Conclusion
20 Reliability Assessment of Different Topologies in Photovoltaic System 381 Laxman Chaudhary, Aanchal Verma, Ramesh C. Bansal, and R. K. Saket
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Reliability Modeling of PV Topology
20.3 Estimation of Failure Rate
20.4 Reliability Estimation Using RBD
20.5 Results
20.6 Conclusions
Section 6 Reliability Analysis of Power Electronics Components and Systems for Modern Power System Applications
21 Reliability Evaluation of Power Electronics Converters for Modern Power System Applications 411 Amit Kumar, Sachin Kumar, Sunil K. Singh, R. K. Saket, and P. Sanjeevikumar
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Failures in Power Electronics Converters
21.3 Estimation and Monitoring of Junction Temperature
21.4 Reliability of a Modern Power System
21.5 Challenges and Future Directions
22 Reliability Assessment of Sub-components of Electric Vehicle for Performance Enhancement Grid Integrated Power System 427 Saumya Singh, Dhawal Dwivedi, Sandeep K. Soni, R. K. Saket, and Dwarkadas P. Kothari
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Electric Vehicles and Grid Integration
22.3 Sub-components of EVs
22.4 Reliability Assessment Techniques in EVs
22.5 Evaluation of Distribution Systems Reliability with Integrated EVs
22.6 Conclusion
23 Reliability Assessment of Multilevel Inverter for Modern Power System Applications 451 Saumya Singh, Dhawal Dwivedi, Kumari Sarita, R. K. Saket, and P. Sanjeevikumar
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Reliability Assessment Techniques
23.3 Types of Multilevel Inverters (MLIs)
23.4 Comparative Reliability Assessment of MLIs
23.5 Conclusion
24 Reliability Aspects in Snubber Circuit for Industrial Power Applications 467 Dhawal Dwivedi, Saumya Singh, Kumari Sarita, R. K. Saket, and P. Sanjeevikumar
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Passive Snubber Circuit
24.3 Selection of Turn-OFF Snubber
24.4 Design of a Discharge-Suppressing RCD Snubber
24.5 Simulation Results of RCD Snubber
24.6 Reliability Aspects in Snubber Design for Industrial Power Applications
24.7 Conclusion
25 Reliability Assessment of Power Electronics Devices and Systems for Modern Power Applications 481 Jyoti Maurya, Saumya Singh, Sachin Kumar, P. Sanjeevikumar, and R. K. Saket
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Concept of PEDS Reliability in Modern Power System
25.3 V-Shape Model-Based Reliability Assessment in PEDS
25.4 Converter Reliability Modeling
25.5 Conclusion and Future Challenges
26 Reliability Aspects in the Design and Development of Microgrids 493 Amit Kumar, Sachin Kumar, Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz, R. K. Saket, and D. P. Kothari
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Architecture and Operation of Microgrid
26.3 Microgrid Control Strategies
26.4 Reliability Aspects in Microgrid Planning and Design
26.5 Conclusion and Future Challenges
References
Abbreviations
Notations
Index.