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Table of Contents
Intro
Table of Contents
Foreword 1
PACS-Based Multimedia Imaging Informatics 3rd Edition, 2018
Foreword 2
A Thought on PACS and CAD
Foreword 3
Preface to the Third Edition
The Beginning
My Experience
The Third Edition
The Future Growth
Preface to the Second Edition
My Interest in PACS and Medical Imaging Informatics
PACS and Imaging Informatics Development since the 2004 Book
PACS and Imaging Informatics, The Second Edition
Acknowledgments
H.K. Huang Short Biography
List of Acronyms
Part 1: The Beginning: Retrospective
1 Medical Imaging, PACS and Imaging Informatics: Retrospective
PART I TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PIONEERS
1.1 Medical Imaging
1.2 PACS and its Development
1.3 Key Technologies: Computer and Software, Storage, and Communication Networks
1.4 Key Technologies: Medical Imaging Related
PART II COLLABORATIONS AND SUPPORTS
1.5 Collaboration with Government Agencies, Industry and Medical Imaging Associations
1.6 Medical Imaging Informatics
1.7 Summary
1.8 Acknowledgments
References
Part 2: Medical Imaging, Industrial Guidelines, Standards, and Compliance
2 Digital Medical Imaging
2.1 Digital Medical Imaging Fundamentals
2.2 Two‐Dimensional Medical Imaging
2.3 Three‐Dimensional Medical Imaging
2.4 Four‐Dimensional, Multimodality, and Fusion Imaging
2.5 Image Compression
Further Reading
3 PACS Fundamentals
3.1 PACS Components and Network
3.2 PACS Infrastructure Design Concept
3.3 Generic PACS‐Based Multimedia Architecture and Workflow
3.4 PACS‐Based Architectures
3.5 Communication and Networks
Further Reading
4 Industrial Standards: Health Level 7 (HL7), Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) and Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE)
4.1 Industrial Standards.
4.2 The Health Level 7 (HL7) Standard
4.3 From ACR‐NEMA to DICOM
4.4 DICOM 3.0 Standard
4.5 Examples of using DICOM
4.6 DICOM Organizational Structure and New Features
4.7 IHE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise)
4.8 Some Operating Systems and Programming Languages useful to HL7, DICOM and IHE
4.9 Summary of Industrial Standards: HL7, DICOM and IHE
References
Further Reading
5 DICOM‐Compliant Image Acquisition Gateway and Integration of HIS, RIS, PACS and ePR
5.1 DICOM Acquisition Gateway
5.2 DICOM‐Compliant Image Acquisition Gateway
5.3 Automatic Image Data Recovery Scheme for DICOM Conformance Device
5.4 Interface PACS Modalities with the Gateway Computer
5.5 DICOM Compliance PACS Broker
5.6 Image Preprocessing and Display
5.7 Clinical Operation and Reliability of the Gateway
5.8 Hospital Information System (HIS), Radiology Information System (RIS), and PACS
References
6 Web‐Based Data Management and Image Distribution
6.1 Distributed Image File Server: PACS‐Based Data Management
6.2 Distributed Image File Server
6.3 Web Server
6.4 Component‐based Web Server for Image Distribution and Display
6.5 Performance Evaluation
6.6 Summary of PACS Data Management and Web‐based Image Distribution
Further Reading
7 Medical Image Sharing for Collaborative Healthcare Based on IHE XDS‐I Profile
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Brief Description of IHE XDS/XDS‐I Profiles
7.3 Pilot Studies of Medical Image Sharing and Exchanging for a Variety of Healthcare Services
7.4 Results
7.5 Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
Part 3: Informatics, Data Grid, Workstation, Radiotherapy, Simulators, Molecular Imaging, Archive Server, and Cloud Computing
8 Data Grid for PACS and Medical Imaging Informatics
8.1 Distributed Computing
8.2 Grid Computing.
8.3 Data Grid [5]
8.4 Fault‐Tolerant Data Grid for PACS Archive and Backup, Query/Retrieval, and Disaster Recovery
References
Further Reading
9 Data Grid for Clinical Applications
9.1 Clinical Trials and Data Grid
9.2 Dedicated Breast MRI Enterprise Data Grid
9.3 Administrating the Data Grid
9.4 Summary
References
Further Reading
10 Display Workstations
10.1 PACS‐Based Display Workstation
10.2 Various Types of Image Workstation
10.3 Image Display and Measurement Functions
10.4 Workstation Graphic User Interface (GUI) and Basic Display Functions [3-15]
10.5 DICOM PC‐Based Display Workstation Software
10.6 Post‐Processing Workflow, PACS‐Based Multidimensional Display, and Specialized Post‐Processing Workstation
10.7 DICOM‐Based Workstations in Progress
References
11 Multimedia Electronic Patient Record (EPR) System in Radiotherapy (RT)
11.1 Multimodality 2‐D and 3‐D Imaging in Radiotherapy
11.2 Multimedia ePR System in Radiation Treatment
11.3 Radiotherapy Planning and Treatment
11.4 Radiotherapy Workflow
11.5 The ePR Data Model and DICOM‐RT Objects
11.6 Infrastructure, Workflow and Components of the Multimedia ePR in RT
11.7 Database Schema
11.8 Graphical User Interface Design
11.9 Validation of the Concept of Multimedia ePR System in RT
11.10 Advantages of the Multimedia ePR system in Radiotherapy for Daily Clinical Practice
11.11 Use of the Multimedia ePR System in RT For Image‐Assisted Knowledge Discovery and Decision Making
11.12 Summary
Acknowledgement
References
12 PACS‐Based Imaging Informatics Simulators
12.1 Why Imaging Informatics Simulators?
12.2 PACS-ePR Simulator
12.3 Data Grid Simulator
12.4 CAD-PACS Simulator
12.5 Radiotherapy (RT) ePR Simulator
12.6 Image‐Assisted Surgery (IAS) ePR Simulator
12.7 Summary.
Acknowledgments
References
13 Molecular Imaging Data Grid (MIDG)
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Molecular Imaging
13.3 Methodology
13.4 Results
13.5 Discussion
13.6 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
14 A DICOM‐Based Second‐Generation Molecular Imaging Data Grid (MIDG) with the IHE XDS‐i Integration Profile
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Methodology
14.3 System Implementation
14.4 Data Collection and Normalization
14.5 System Performance
14.6 Data Transmission, MIDG Implementation, Workflow and System Potential
14.7 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
15 PACS‐Based Archive Server and Cloud Computing
15.1 PACS‐Based Multimedia Biomedical Imaging Informatics
15.2 PACS‐Based Server and Archive
15.3 PACS‐Based Archive Server System Operations
15.4 DICOM‐Compliant PACS‐Based Archive Server
15.5 DICOM PACS‐Based Archive Server Hardware and Software
15.6 Backup Archive Server and Data Grid
15.7 Cloud Computing and Archive Server
Acknowledgements
References
Part 4: Multimedia Imaging Informatics, Computer‐Aided Diagnosis (CAD), Image'Guide Decision Support, Proton Therapy, Minimally Invasive Multimedia Image‐Assisted Surgery, Big Data
16 DICOM‐Based Medical Imaging Informatics and CAD
16.1 Computer‐Aided Diagnosis (CAD)
16.2 Integration of CAD with PACS‐Based Multimedia Informatics
16.3 The CAD-PACS Integration Toolkit
16.4 Data Flow of the three CAD-PACS Editions Integration Toolkit
References
Further Reading
17 DICOM‐Based CAD: Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage and Multiple Sclerosis
17.1 Computer‐Aided Detection (CAD) of Small Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage on CT of the Brain
17.2 Development of the CAD Algorithm for AIH on CT
17.3 CAD-PACS Integration
17.4 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) on MRI
References
Further Reading.
18 PACS‐Based CAD: Digital Hand Atlas and Bone Age Assessment of children
18.1 Average Bone Age of a Child
18.2 Bone Age Assessment of Children
18.3 Method of Analysis
18.4 Integration of CAD with PACS‐Based Multimedia Informatics for Bone Age Assessment of Children: The CAD System
18.5 Validation of the CAD and the Comparison of CAD Result with Radiologists' Assessment
18.6 Clinical Evaluation of the CAD System for Bone Age Assessment (BAA)
18.7 Integrating CAD for Bone Age Assessment with Other Informatics Systems
18.8 Research and Development Trends in CAD-PACS Integration
Acknowledgements
References
Further Reading
19 Intelligent ePR System for Evidence‐Based Research in Radiotherapy
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Proton Therapy Clinical Workflow and Data
19.3 Proton Therapy ePR System
19.4 System Implementation
19.5 Results
19.6 Conclusion and Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
20 Multimedia Electronic Patient Record System for Minimally Invasive Image‐Assisted Spinal Surgery
20.1 Integration of Medical Diagnosis with Image‐Assisted Surgery Treatment
20.2 Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery Workflow
20.3 Multimedia ePR System for Image‐Assisted MISS Workflow and Data Model
20.4 ePR MISS System Architecture
20.5 Pre‐Op Authoring Module
20.6 Intra‐Op Module
20.7 Post‐Op Module
20.8 System Deployment, User Training and Support
20.9 Summary
References
21 From Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery to Integrated Image‐Assisted Surgery in Translational Medicine
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Integrated Image‐Assisted Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery
21.3 IIA‐MISS EMR System Evaluation
21.4 To Fulfill some Translational Medicine Aims
21.5 Summary
21.6 Contribution from Colleagues
Acknowledgement
References.
22 Big Data in PACS‐Based Multimedia Medical Imaging Informatics.
Table of Contents
Foreword 1
PACS-Based Multimedia Imaging Informatics 3rd Edition, 2018
Foreword 2
A Thought on PACS and CAD
Foreword 3
Preface to the Third Edition
The Beginning
My Experience
The Third Edition
The Future Growth
Preface to the Second Edition
My Interest in PACS and Medical Imaging Informatics
PACS and Imaging Informatics Development since the 2004 Book
PACS and Imaging Informatics, The Second Edition
Acknowledgments
H.K. Huang Short Biography
List of Acronyms
Part 1: The Beginning: Retrospective
1 Medical Imaging, PACS and Imaging Informatics: Retrospective
PART I TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND PIONEERS
1.1 Medical Imaging
1.2 PACS and its Development
1.3 Key Technologies: Computer and Software, Storage, and Communication Networks
1.4 Key Technologies: Medical Imaging Related
PART II COLLABORATIONS AND SUPPORTS
1.5 Collaboration with Government Agencies, Industry and Medical Imaging Associations
1.6 Medical Imaging Informatics
1.7 Summary
1.8 Acknowledgments
References
Part 2: Medical Imaging, Industrial Guidelines, Standards, and Compliance
2 Digital Medical Imaging
2.1 Digital Medical Imaging Fundamentals
2.2 Two‐Dimensional Medical Imaging
2.3 Three‐Dimensional Medical Imaging
2.4 Four‐Dimensional, Multimodality, and Fusion Imaging
2.5 Image Compression
Further Reading
3 PACS Fundamentals
3.1 PACS Components and Network
3.2 PACS Infrastructure Design Concept
3.3 Generic PACS‐Based Multimedia Architecture and Workflow
3.4 PACS‐Based Architectures
3.5 Communication and Networks
Further Reading
4 Industrial Standards: Health Level 7 (HL7), Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) and Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE)
4.1 Industrial Standards.
4.2 The Health Level 7 (HL7) Standard
4.3 From ACR‐NEMA to DICOM
4.4 DICOM 3.0 Standard
4.5 Examples of using DICOM
4.6 DICOM Organizational Structure and New Features
4.7 IHE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise)
4.8 Some Operating Systems and Programming Languages useful to HL7, DICOM and IHE
4.9 Summary of Industrial Standards: HL7, DICOM and IHE
References
Further Reading
5 DICOM‐Compliant Image Acquisition Gateway and Integration of HIS, RIS, PACS and ePR
5.1 DICOM Acquisition Gateway
5.2 DICOM‐Compliant Image Acquisition Gateway
5.3 Automatic Image Data Recovery Scheme for DICOM Conformance Device
5.4 Interface PACS Modalities with the Gateway Computer
5.5 DICOM Compliance PACS Broker
5.6 Image Preprocessing and Display
5.7 Clinical Operation and Reliability of the Gateway
5.8 Hospital Information System (HIS), Radiology Information System (RIS), and PACS
References
6 Web‐Based Data Management and Image Distribution
6.1 Distributed Image File Server: PACS‐Based Data Management
6.2 Distributed Image File Server
6.3 Web Server
6.4 Component‐based Web Server for Image Distribution and Display
6.5 Performance Evaluation
6.6 Summary of PACS Data Management and Web‐based Image Distribution
Further Reading
7 Medical Image Sharing for Collaborative Healthcare Based on IHE XDS‐I Profile
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Brief Description of IHE XDS/XDS‐I Profiles
7.3 Pilot Studies of Medical Image Sharing and Exchanging for a Variety of Healthcare Services
7.4 Results
7.5 Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
Part 3: Informatics, Data Grid, Workstation, Radiotherapy, Simulators, Molecular Imaging, Archive Server, and Cloud Computing
8 Data Grid for PACS and Medical Imaging Informatics
8.1 Distributed Computing
8.2 Grid Computing.
8.3 Data Grid [5]
8.4 Fault‐Tolerant Data Grid for PACS Archive and Backup, Query/Retrieval, and Disaster Recovery
References
Further Reading
9 Data Grid for Clinical Applications
9.1 Clinical Trials and Data Grid
9.2 Dedicated Breast MRI Enterprise Data Grid
9.3 Administrating the Data Grid
9.4 Summary
References
Further Reading
10 Display Workstations
10.1 PACS‐Based Display Workstation
10.2 Various Types of Image Workstation
10.3 Image Display and Measurement Functions
10.4 Workstation Graphic User Interface (GUI) and Basic Display Functions [3-15]
10.5 DICOM PC‐Based Display Workstation Software
10.6 Post‐Processing Workflow, PACS‐Based Multidimensional Display, and Specialized Post‐Processing Workstation
10.7 DICOM‐Based Workstations in Progress
References
11 Multimedia Electronic Patient Record (EPR) System in Radiotherapy (RT)
11.1 Multimodality 2‐D and 3‐D Imaging in Radiotherapy
11.2 Multimedia ePR System in Radiation Treatment
11.3 Radiotherapy Planning and Treatment
11.4 Radiotherapy Workflow
11.5 The ePR Data Model and DICOM‐RT Objects
11.6 Infrastructure, Workflow and Components of the Multimedia ePR in RT
11.7 Database Schema
11.8 Graphical User Interface Design
11.9 Validation of the Concept of Multimedia ePR System in RT
11.10 Advantages of the Multimedia ePR system in Radiotherapy for Daily Clinical Practice
11.11 Use of the Multimedia ePR System in RT For Image‐Assisted Knowledge Discovery and Decision Making
11.12 Summary
Acknowledgement
References
12 PACS‐Based Imaging Informatics Simulators
12.1 Why Imaging Informatics Simulators?
12.2 PACS-ePR Simulator
12.3 Data Grid Simulator
12.4 CAD-PACS Simulator
12.5 Radiotherapy (RT) ePR Simulator
12.6 Image‐Assisted Surgery (IAS) ePR Simulator
12.7 Summary.
Acknowledgments
References
13 Molecular Imaging Data Grid (MIDG)
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Molecular Imaging
13.3 Methodology
13.4 Results
13.5 Discussion
13.6 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
14 A DICOM‐Based Second‐Generation Molecular Imaging Data Grid (MIDG) with the IHE XDS‐i Integration Profile
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Methodology
14.3 System Implementation
14.4 Data Collection and Normalization
14.5 System Performance
14.6 Data Transmission, MIDG Implementation, Workflow and System Potential
14.7 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
15 PACS‐Based Archive Server and Cloud Computing
15.1 PACS‐Based Multimedia Biomedical Imaging Informatics
15.2 PACS‐Based Server and Archive
15.3 PACS‐Based Archive Server System Operations
15.4 DICOM‐Compliant PACS‐Based Archive Server
15.5 DICOM PACS‐Based Archive Server Hardware and Software
15.6 Backup Archive Server and Data Grid
15.7 Cloud Computing and Archive Server
Acknowledgements
References
Part 4: Multimedia Imaging Informatics, Computer‐Aided Diagnosis (CAD), Image'Guide Decision Support, Proton Therapy, Minimally Invasive Multimedia Image‐Assisted Surgery, Big Data
16 DICOM‐Based Medical Imaging Informatics and CAD
16.1 Computer‐Aided Diagnosis (CAD)
16.2 Integration of CAD with PACS‐Based Multimedia Informatics
16.3 The CAD-PACS Integration Toolkit
16.4 Data Flow of the three CAD-PACS Editions Integration Toolkit
References
Further Reading
17 DICOM‐Based CAD: Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage and Multiple Sclerosis
17.1 Computer‐Aided Detection (CAD) of Small Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage on CT of the Brain
17.2 Development of the CAD Algorithm for AIH on CT
17.3 CAD-PACS Integration
17.4 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) on MRI
References
Further Reading.
18 PACS‐Based CAD: Digital Hand Atlas and Bone Age Assessment of children
18.1 Average Bone Age of a Child
18.2 Bone Age Assessment of Children
18.3 Method of Analysis
18.4 Integration of CAD with PACS‐Based Multimedia Informatics for Bone Age Assessment of Children: The CAD System
18.5 Validation of the CAD and the Comparison of CAD Result with Radiologists' Assessment
18.6 Clinical Evaluation of the CAD System for Bone Age Assessment (BAA)
18.7 Integrating CAD for Bone Age Assessment with Other Informatics Systems
18.8 Research and Development Trends in CAD-PACS Integration
Acknowledgements
References
Further Reading
19 Intelligent ePR System for Evidence‐Based Research in Radiotherapy
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Proton Therapy Clinical Workflow and Data
19.3 Proton Therapy ePR System
19.4 System Implementation
19.5 Results
19.6 Conclusion and Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
20 Multimedia Electronic Patient Record System for Minimally Invasive Image‐Assisted Spinal Surgery
20.1 Integration of Medical Diagnosis with Image‐Assisted Surgery Treatment
20.2 Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery Workflow
20.3 Multimedia ePR System for Image‐Assisted MISS Workflow and Data Model
20.4 ePR MISS System Architecture
20.5 Pre‐Op Authoring Module
20.6 Intra‐Op Module
20.7 Post‐Op Module
20.8 System Deployment, User Training and Support
20.9 Summary
References
21 From Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery to Integrated Image‐Assisted Surgery in Translational Medicine
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Integrated Image‐Assisted Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery
21.3 IIA‐MISS EMR System Evaluation
21.4 To Fulfill some Translational Medicine Aims
21.5 Summary
21.6 Contribution from Colleagues
Acknowledgement
References.
22 Big Data in PACS‐Based Multimedia Medical Imaging Informatics.